Comparison of sublethal and lethal criteria for nine different chemicals in standardized toxicity tests using the earthworm Eisenia andrei

• Published in: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 1992, Vol.23 (2), p.206-220
• Main Authors: Van Gestel, C.A.M., Dirven-Van Breemen, E.M., Baerselman, R., Emans, H.J.B., Janssen, J.A.M., Postuma, R., Van Vliet, P.J.M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology; ANIMAL GROWTH; ANIMALS; ANNELIDS; benomyl; Biological and medical sciences; CADMIUM; carbendazim; CHROMIUM; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; eisenia; Eisenia andrei; ELEMENTS; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Environmental pollutants toxicology; EVALUATION; fentin chloride; General aspects; GROWTH; INVERTEBRATES; Medical sciences; METALS; Metals - toxicity; Oligochaeta; paraquat; parathion; pentachlorophenol; pesticide residues; PESTICIDES; Pesticides - toxicity; phenmedipham; RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT; REPRODUCTION; Reproduction - drug effects; SENSITIVITY; sexual reproduction; soil pollution; SOILS; testing; TOXICITY; Toxicology; TRANSITION ELEMENTS
• ISSN: 0147-6513; 1090-2414
• DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(92)90059-C

In this study, the effects of nine different chemicals on the survival, growth, and reproduction of the earthworm species Eisenia andrei were determined using a recently developed method. Earthworms were exposed for 3 weeks to the test chemicals in an artificial soil substrate. Additional data on the acute toxicity of these chemicals were derived from the literature. For some chemicals, cocoon production was the most sensitive parameter (cadmium, chromium, paraquat, fentin, benomyl, phenmedipham), while for others cocoon hatchability was most sensitive (pentachlorophenol, parathion, carbendazim). In the case of parathion, growth of the worms seemed to be even more sensitive than reproduction. As an overall parameter for the effect on earthworm reproduction, the total number of juveniles produced per worm appeared to be a useful parameter. Differences between (acute) LC 50 values and the lowest NOEC value for effects on growth and reproduction were different for each chemical. Difference was greatest for cadmium (a factor of >100) and smallest for fentin, benomyl, and pentachlorophenol (a factor of 5–6).