Comparison of sublethal and lethal criteria for nine different chemicals in standardized toxicity tests using the earthworm Eisenia andrei

In this study, the effects of nine different chemicals on the survival, growth, and reproduction of the earthworm species Eisenia andrei were determined using a recently developed method. Earthworms were exposed for 3 weeks to the test chemicals in an artificial soil substrate. Additional data on th...

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Published in:Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 1992, Vol.23 (2), p.206-220
Main Authors: Van Gestel, C.A.M., Dirven-Van Breemen, E.M., Baerselman, R., Emans, H.J.B., Janssen, J.A.M., Postuma, R., Van Vliet, P.J.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
ANIMAL GROWTH
ANIMALS
ANNELIDS
benomyl
Biological and medical sciences
CADMIUM
carbendazim
CHROMIUM
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
eisenia
Eisenia andrei
ELEMENTS
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
Environmental pollutants toxicology
EVALUATION
fentin chloride
General aspects
GROWTH
INVERTEBRATES
Medical sciences
METALS
Metals - toxicity
Oligochaeta
paraquat
parathion
pentachlorophenol
pesticide residues
PESTICIDES
Pesticides - toxicity
phenmedipham
RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT
REPRODUCTION
Reproduction - drug effects
SENSITIVITY
sexual reproduction
soil pollution
SOILS
testing
TOXICITY
Toxicology
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-318fbbfd9098a8576045e5d96e8533e064130f99455621c2434796c22b7eb0043
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container_issue 2
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container_title Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
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creator Van Gestel, C.A.M.
Dirven-Van Breemen, E.M.
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Van Vliet, P.J.M.
description In this study, the effects of nine different chemicals on the survival, growth, and reproduction of the earthworm species Eisenia andrei were determined using a recently developed method. Earthworms were exposed for 3 weeks to the test chemicals in an artificial soil substrate. Additional data on the acute toxicity of these chemicals were derived from the literature. For some chemicals, cocoon production was the most sensitive parameter (cadmium, chromium, paraquat, fentin, benomyl, phenmedipham), while for others cocoon hatchability was most sensitive (pentachlorophenol, parathion, carbendazim). In the case of parathion, growth of the worms seemed to be even more sensitive than reproduction. As an overall parameter for the effect on earthworm reproduction, the total number of juveniles produced per worm appeared to be a useful parameter. Differences between (acute) LC 50 values and the lowest NOEC value for effects on growth and reproduction were different for each chemical. Difference was greatest for cadmium (a factor of >100) and smallest for fentin, benomyl, and pentachlorophenol (a factor of 5–6).
doi_str_mv 10.1016/0147-6513(92)90059-C
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Earthworms were exposed for 3 weeks to the test chemicals in an artificial soil substrate. Additional data on the acute toxicity of these chemicals were derived from the literature. For some chemicals, cocoon production was the most sensitive parameter (cadmium, chromium, paraquat, fentin, benomyl, phenmedipham), while for others cocoon hatchability was most sensitive (pentachlorophenol, parathion, carbendazim). In the case of parathion, growth of the worms seemed to be even more sensitive than reproduction. As an overall parameter for the effect on earthworm reproduction, the total number of juveniles produced per worm appeared to be a useful parameter. Differences between (acute) LC 50 values and the lowest NOEC value for effects on growth and reproduction were different for each chemical. 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Earthworms were exposed for 3 weeks to the test chemicals in an artificial soil substrate. Additional data on the acute toxicity of these chemicals were derived from the literature. For some chemicals, cocoon production was the most sensitive parameter (cadmium, chromium, paraquat, fentin, benomyl, phenmedipham), while for others cocoon hatchability was most sensitive (pentachlorophenol, parathion, carbendazim). In the case of parathion, growth of the worms seemed to be even more sensitive than reproduction. As an overall parameter for the effect on earthworm reproduction, the total number of juveniles produced per worm appeared to be a useful parameter. Differences between (acute) LC 50 values and the lowest NOEC value for effects on growth and reproduction were different for each chemical. Difference was greatest for cadmium (a factor of &gt;100) and smallest for fentin, benomyl, and pentachlorophenol (a factor of 5–6).</abstract><cop>San Diego, CA</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>1374327</pmid><doi>10.1016/0147-6513(92)90059-C</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0147-6513
ispartof Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 1992, Vol.23 (2), p.206-220
issn 0147-6513
1090-2414
language eng
recordid cdi_osti_scitechconnect_5320613
source ScienceDirect; Backfile Package - Environmental Science (Legacy) [YES]
subjects 560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
ANIMAL GROWTH
ANIMALS
ANNELIDS
benomyl
Biological and medical sciences
CADMIUM
carbendazim
CHROMIUM
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
eisenia
Eisenia andrei
ELEMENTS
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
Environmental pollutants toxicology
EVALUATION
fentin chloride
General aspects
GROWTH
INVERTEBRATES
Medical sciences
METALS
Metals - toxicity
Oligochaeta
paraquat
parathion
pentachlorophenol
pesticide residues
PESTICIDES
Pesticides - toxicity
phenmedipham
RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT
REPRODUCTION
Reproduction - drug effects
SENSITIVITY
sexual reproduction
soil pollution
SOILS
testing
TOXICITY
Toxicology
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
title Comparison of sublethal and lethal criteria for nine different chemicals in standardized toxicity tests using the earthworm Eisenia andrei
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