Fuel processors for automotive fuel cell systems: a parametric analysis

• Published in: Journal of power sources 2001-12, Vol.102 (1), p.1-15
• Main Authors: Danial Doss, E., Kumar, R., Ahluwalia, R.K., Krumpelt, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 03 NATURAL GAS; 08 HYDROGEN; 30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; Applied sciences; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; AUTOMOTIVE FUELS; CARBON MONOXIDE; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY; Energy. Thermal use of fuels; EQUILIBRIUM; Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc; Exact sciences and technology; Fuel cell systems; FUEL CELLS; Fuel processing; FUELS; GASES; HYDROGEN; METHANE; OXIDATION; PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS; POWER; PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS; STACKS; System efficiency; System modeling; THERMODYNAMICS
• ISSN: 0378-7753; 1873-2755
• DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00784-4

An autothermally-reformed, gasoline-fueled automotive polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) system has been modeled and analyzed for the fuel processor and total system performance. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of various operating parameters on the system performance and to investigate related tradeoff scenarios. Results of steady-state analyses at the design rated power level are presented and discussed. The effects of the following parameters are included in the analysis: operating pressure (3 and 1 atm), reforming temperature (1000–1300 K), water-to-fuel and air-to-fuel reactant feed ratios, electrochemical fuel utilization, and thermal integration of the fuel processor and the fuel cell stack subsystems. The analyses are also used to evaluate the impact of those parameters on the concentrations of methane and carbon monoxide in the processed reformate. Both of these gases can be reduced to low levels with adequate water-to-carbon used in the fuel processor. Since these two species represent corresponding amounts of hydrogen that would not be available for electrochemical oxidation in the fuel cell stack, it is important to maintain them at low levels. Subject to the assumptions used in the analyses, particularly that of thermodynamic equilibrium, it was determined that reforming temperatures of 1100 K, a water-to-carbon mole ratio of 1.5–2.5, and the use of fuel cell exhaust energy in the fuel processor subsystem can yield fuel processor efficiencies of 82–84%, and total system efficiencies of 40–42% can be achieved. For the atmospheric pressure system, if the exhaust energy is not used in the fuel processor subsystem, the fuel processor efficiency would drop to 75–82% and the total system efficiency would drop below 40%. At higher reforming temperatures, say 1300 K, the fuel processor efficiency would decrease to 78%, and the total system efficiency would drop below 39%, even with the use of the fuel cell stack exhaust energy.