Detailed study of AlAs-oxidized apertures in VCSEL cavities for optimized modal performance

We present a numerical optical model for calculating threshold material gain in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. It is based on a vectorial solution of Maxwell's equations and therefore gives exact results where other approaches fail, e.g., in the case of oxide-confined devices, which h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE journal of quantum electronics 1999-03, Vol.35 (3), p.358-367
Main Authors: Demeulenaere, B., Bienstman, P., Dhoedt, B., Baets, R.G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apertures
Exact sciences and technology
Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)
Gain
Holes
Laser modes
Laser theory
Lasers
Mathematical models
Maxwell's equations
Optical diffraction
Optical pumping
Optical sensors
Optical surface waves
Optics
Oxides
Physics
Quantum electronics
Semiconductor lasers
Semiconductor lasers
laser diodes
Surface emitting lasers
Thresholds
Vertical cavity surface emission lasers
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
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Summary:We present a numerical optical model for calculating threshold material gain in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. It is based on a vectorial solution of Maxwell's equations and therefore gives exact results where other approaches fail, e.g., in the case of oxide-confined devices, which have high lateral index contrasts. Results are given concerning the influence of oxide window thickness and position on threshold gain and modal stability. We also propose an intuitive plane-wave model to enhance the physical understanding of these effects.
ISSN:0018-9197
1558-1713
DOI:10.1109/3.748841