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Optimized integrated surface grating design for polarization-stable VCSELs

Monolithically integrated surface gratings have proven to control the polarization of single-mode and even multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) very effectively. Unfortunately, up until now, the grating parameters have had to be known and realized very accurately for proper per...

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Published in:	IEEE journal of quantum electronics 2006-07, Vol.42 (7), p.690-698
Main Authors:	Ostermann, J.M., Debernardi, P., Michalzik, R.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Design optimization Diffraction gratings Exact sciences and technology Far fields Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Gratings Grooves Laser modes Lasers Mirrors Noise levels Optical design Optical gratings Optical polarization Optical resonators Optics Physics Polarization polarization control semiconductor laser modeling Semiconductor lasers Semiconductor lasers laser diodes Surface emitting lasers Vertical cavity surface emission lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) Wavelengths
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container_title	IEEE journal of quantum electronics
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creator	Ostermann, J.M. Debernardi, P. Michalzik, R.
description	Monolithically integrated surface gratings have proven to control the polarization of single-mode and even multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) very effectively. Unfortunately, up until now, the grating parameters have had to be known and realized very accurately for proper performance. The simulations and experimental results presented in this paper show in very good agreement that by changing the thickness of the cap layer of the VCSEL structure, the dependence of the polarization control on the grating parameters can be strongly reduced. With this modification, for multimode devices, we have achieved a stable polarization of all modes orthogonal to the grating grooves independent of the investigated grating period, the grating depth, and the orientation of the grating itself. The orthogonal polarization suppression ratio is, on average, 17.1 dB and exceeds 12 dB for 117 out of 120 highly multimode VCSELs. At the same time, the optimized layer design significantly reduces the diffraction in the far field, which occurs for grating periods larger than the emission wavelength of the laser
doi_str_mv	10.1109/JQE.2006.876721
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source	IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Journals
subjects	Design optimization Diffraction gratings Exact sciences and technology Far fields Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Gratings Grooves Laser modes Lasers Mirrors Noise levels Optical design Optical gratings Optical polarization Optical resonators Optics Physics Polarization polarization control semiconductor laser modeling Semiconductor lasers Semiconductor lasers laser diodes Surface emitting lasers Vertical cavity surface emission lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) Wavelengths
title	Optimized integrated surface grating design for polarization-stable VCSELs
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