Potential methods for measuring the activity patterns and energy use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

• Published in: Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2009-07, Vol.66 (7), p.1095-1106
• Main Authors: Gollock, Matthew J, Hunter, Kristopher J, Syme, Douglas A, Freeman, Marcus, McKinley, R. Scott, Gamperl, A. Kurt
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acoustic telemetry; Animal and plant ecology; Animal behavior; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Aquatic sciences; Behavior; Bioenergetics; Biological and medical sciences; Codfish; Energy metabolism; Exploitation and management of natural biological resources (hunting, fishing and exploited populations survey, etc.); Fish; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gadus morhua; Marine; Marine fish; Physiological aspects; Sea water ecosystems; Swimming; Synecology; Telemetry
• ISSN: 0706-652X; 1205-7533
• DOI: 10.1139/F09-062

As there are no commercially available acoustic telemetry devices for quantifying the swimming activity and activity-related metabolic expenditures of a wide range of marine species, we (i) examined the suitability of three methods (electromyography;; sonomicrometry;; and tail differential pressure tags (DPT)) for measuring the swimming speed of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), and indirectly, metabolic rate (MO 2 ) and (ii) measured the activity pattern of free-swimming cod carrying the DPT. All three methods yielded significant relationships with swim speed during a critical swimming speed (U crit ) test. However, only the DPT was able to discern between swimming speed differences of 0.1 body lengths (BL)·s -1 and provide a strong relationship with MO 2 . Further, we found that free-swimming cod fitted with the DPT swam at an average speed of 0.33 BL·s -1 , the speed previously reported to result in minimal cost of transport for this species. While the DPT has considerable potential for assessing the bioenergetics of marine fishes, the swimming economy of tagged Atlantic cod was lower above 0.4 BL·s -1 as compared with untagged fish, and U crit was reduced by 25%. These latter effects are likely related to the tag's present size (39 g) and design.