Biodegradation of 5-Nitroanthranilic Acid by Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain JS329

Biodegradation of synthetic compounds has been studied extensively, but the metabolic diversity required for catabolism of many natural compounds has not been addressed. 5-Nitroanthranilic acid (5NAA), produced in soil by Streptomyces scabies, is also the starting material for synthetic dyes and oth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2010-03, Vol.76 (5), p.1417-1422
Main Authors: Qu, Yi, Spain, Jim C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia
Ammonia - metabolism
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Bacteriology
Biodegradation
Biological and medical sciences
Biotransformation
Bradyrhizobium - classification
Bradyrhizobium - genetics
Bradyrhizobium - isolation & purification
Bradyrhizobium - metabolism
Cloning, Molecular
DNA, Bacterial - chemistry
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry
DNA, Ribosomal - genetics
Enzymes
Enzymes - genetics
Enzymes - metabolism
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gram-negative bacteria
Microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
Nitrites - metabolism
ortho-Aminobenzoates - metabolism
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Soil Microbiology
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Summary:Biodegradation of synthetic compounds has been studied extensively, but the metabolic diversity required for catabolism of many natural compounds has not been addressed. 5-Nitroanthranilic acid (5NAA), produced in soil by Streptomyces scabies, is also the starting material for synthetic dyes and other nitroaromatic compounds. Bradyrhizobium JS329 was isolated from soil by selective enrichment with 5NAA. When grown on 5NAA, the isolate released stoichiometric amounts of nitrite and half of the stoichiometric amounts of ammonia. Enzyme assays indicate that the initial step in 5NAA degradation is an unusual hydrolytic deamination for formation of 5-nitrosalicylic acid (5NSA). Cloning and heterologous expression revealed the genes that encode 5NAA deaminase (naaA) and the 5NSA dioxygenase (naaB) that cleaves the aromatic ring of 5NSA without prior removal of the nitro group. The results provide the first clear evidence for the initial steps in biodegradation of amino-nitroaromatic compounds and reveal a novel deamination reaction for aromatic amines.
ISSN:0099-2240
1098-5336
DOI:10.1128/AEM.02816-09