Phenol-formaldehyde resol resins studied by 13C-NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry

A series of phenol‐formaldehyde resins was produced in the presence of NaOH catalyst. Detailed structural and quantitative information was provided by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The main interests were the relative quantities of bridge structures, methylol groups, and free phenol. Functionality and linea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied polymer science 1997-11, Vol.66 (6), p.1183-1193
Main Authors: Holopainen, Timo, Alvila, Leila, Rainio, Jouni, Pakkanen, Tuula T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
condensation reaction
Exact sciences and technology
Organic polymers
phenol-formaldehyde resin
Physicochemistry of polymers
Polycondensation
Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts
quantitative 13C-NMR spectroscopy
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Summary:A series of phenol‐formaldehyde resins was produced in the presence of NaOH catalyst. Detailed structural and quantitative information was provided by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The main interests were the relative quantities of bridge structures, methylol groups, and free phenol. Functionality and linearity of resins were also studied. The effects of the condensation F/P molar ratio on the structure and properties of the resins was studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in addition to 13C‐NMR. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1183–1193, 1997
ISSN:0021-8995
1097-4628
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971107)66:6<1183::AID-APP18>3.0.CO;2-2