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Seed germination, nitrogen nutrition and water requirements of the edible herb Corchorus tridens (Tiliaceae)
The use of Corchorus tridens for food and medicine is popular among rural communities in the Eastern Transvaal lowveld of South Africa. Its prolific seed production, spontaneous germination, and distribution in water stressed regions suggest that cultivation of this species could be feasible. A stud...
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Published in: | Economic botany 1995-10, Vol.49 (4), p.380-386 |
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creator | Dzerefos, C.M. (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.) Shackleton, C.M Scholes, M.C |
description | The use of Corchorus tridens for food and medicine is popular among rural communities in the Eastern Transvaal lowveld of South Africa. Its prolific seed production, spontaneous germination, and distribution in water stressed regions suggest that cultivation of this species could be feasible. A study was initiated to investigate this. Seed coat scarification improved the percentage of germination by almost 30%. A high temperature range (15-30°C) increased germination relative to a low temperature range (10-20°C). A factorial experiment consisting of three nitrogen forms (ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate and a 1:1 mixture of these) and three levels of irrigation (at 35%, 50% and 75% field capacity) was conducted. Productivity improved mostly with nitrate fertiliser, followed by a nitrate-ammonium mixture and lastly with ammonium applications. The nitrogen form and water treatment did not significantly increase total dry weight production, mean relative growth rates or root:shoot ratios. / In der laendlichen Bevoelkerung der Oestlichen Transvaal-Ebene in Suedafrika wird Corchorus tridens seit langem und gerne als Nahrungsmittel und Heilkraut verwendet. Reiche Samenproduktion, spontane Keimung und Vorkommen in wasserarmen Gegenden legen es nahe, die Kultivierung von Corchorus zu versuchen, um das Angebot zu vergroessern. Eine Studie wurde angelegt, um diese Moeglichkeit zu erforschen, mit den folgenden Ergebnissen: Aufritzen der Samenkapsel fuehrte zu einer 30% hoeheren Anzahl von keimenden Samen. Waermere Temperaturen (15-30°C) fuehrten ebenfalls zu besseren Keimzahlen im Vergleich zu kuehleren Temperaturen (10-20°C). Zusaetzlich wurde experimentiert mit Zugabe von Stickstoff in drei verschiedenen Formen (Ammoniumsulfat, Potassiumnitrat und einem 1:1 Gemisch aus beiden), und mit Wassergabe, die zu drei verschiedenen Saettigungsgraden im Boden fuehtre: 35%, 50% und 75%. Messungen des Trockengewichts ergaben, dass der groesste Produktionszuwachs mit Potassiumnitrat erreicht werden konnte, gefolgt vom Nitratgemisch, und am wenigsten durch Ammoniumgabe. Jedoch wurden Trockengewicht, durchschnittliche Wachstumsraten und Wurzel-Spross Verhaeltnisse nicht in signifikanter Hoehe durch die verschiedenen Nitrat- und Wassergaben veraendert. |
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(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.) ; Shackleton, C.M ; Scholes, M.C</creator><creatorcontrib>Dzerefos, C.M. (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.) ; Shackleton, C.M ; Scholes, M.C</creatorcontrib><description>The use of Corchorus tridens for food and medicine is popular among rural communities in the Eastern Transvaal lowveld of South Africa. Its prolific seed production, spontaneous germination, and distribution in water stressed regions suggest that cultivation of this species could be feasible. A study was initiated to investigate this. Seed coat scarification improved the percentage of germination by almost 30%. A high temperature range (15-30°C) increased germination relative to a low temperature range (10-20°C). A factorial experiment consisting of three nitrogen forms (ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate and a 1:1 mixture of these) and three levels of irrigation (at 35%, 50% and 75% field capacity) was conducted. Productivity improved mostly with nitrate fertiliser, followed by a nitrate-ammonium mixture and lastly with ammonium applications. The nitrogen form and water treatment did not significantly increase total dry weight production, mean relative growth rates or root:shoot ratios. / In der laendlichen Bevoelkerung der Oestlichen Transvaal-Ebene in Suedafrika wird Corchorus tridens seit langem und gerne als Nahrungsmittel und Heilkraut verwendet. Reiche Samenproduktion, spontane Keimung und Vorkommen in wasserarmen Gegenden legen es nahe, die Kultivierung von Corchorus zu versuchen, um das Angebot zu vergroessern. Eine Studie wurde angelegt, um diese Moeglichkeit zu erforschen, mit den folgenden Ergebnissen: Aufritzen der Samenkapsel fuehrte zu einer 30% hoeheren Anzahl von keimenden Samen. Waermere Temperaturen (15-30°C) fuehrten ebenfalls zu besseren Keimzahlen im Vergleich zu kuehleren Temperaturen (10-20°C). Zusaetzlich wurde experimentiert mit Zugabe von Stickstoff in drei verschiedenen Formen (Ammoniumsulfat, Potassiumnitrat und einem 1:1 Gemisch aus beiden), und mit Wassergabe, die zu drei verschiedenen Saettigungsgraden im Boden fuehtre: 35%, 50% und 75%. Messungen des Trockengewichts ergaben, dass der groesste Produktionszuwachs mit Potassiumnitrat erreicht werden konnte, gefolgt vom Nitratgemisch, und am wenigsten durch Ammoniumgabe. Jedoch wurden Trockengewicht, durchschnittliche Wachstumsraten und Wurzel-Spross Verhaeltnisse nicht in signifikanter Hoehe durch die verschiedenen Nitrat- und Wassergaben veraendert.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-0001</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1874-9364</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/BF02863088</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECBOA5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Heidelberg: The New York Botanical Garden</publisher><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; AMMONIUM SULPHATE ; BESOIN EN EAU ; BESOIN NUTRITIONNEL ; Biological and medical sciences ; CONTENIDO DE MATERIA SECA ; CORCHORUS ; DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION ; DRY MATTER CONTENT ; EDIBLE SPECIES ; ESCARIFICACION ; ESPECE ; ESPECIES ; Field capacity ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General agronomy. Plant production ; Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development ; Generalities. Production, biomass, yield. Quality ; GERMINACION ; GERMINATION ; GROWTH RATE ; INDICE DE CRECIMIENTO ; Leaves ; NECESIDADES DE AGUA ; NECESIDADES DE NUTRIENTES ; NITRATE DE POTASSIUM ; Nitrates ; NITRATO DE POTASIO ; Nitrogen ; Nutrition ; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ; Plant growth ; Plants ; POTASSIUM NITRATE ; Quaternary ammonium compounds ; RACINE ; RAICES ; REGIME HYDRIQUE DU SOL ; REGIMEN HIDRICO DEL SUELO ; ROOT SHOOT RATIO ; ROOTS ; SCARIFICATION ; SOIL WATER REGIMES ; SPECIES ; STEMS ; SULFATE D'AMMONIUM ; SULFATO DE AMONIO ; TALLO ; Tannins ; TAUX DE CROISSANCE ; TEMPERATURA ; TEMPERATURE ; TENEUR EN MATIERE SECHE ; TIGE ; WATER REQUIREMENTS</subject><ispartof>Economic botany, 1995-10, Vol.49 (4), p.380-386</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1995 The New York Botanical Garden</rights><rights>1996 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4255775$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4255775$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,58213,58446</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2925320$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dzerefos, C.M. (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shackleton, C.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholes, M.C</creatorcontrib><title>Seed germination, nitrogen nutrition and water requirements of the edible herb Corchorus tridens (Tiliaceae)</title><title>Economic botany</title><description>The use of Corchorus tridens for food and medicine is popular among rural communities in the Eastern Transvaal lowveld of South Africa. Its prolific seed production, spontaneous germination, and distribution in water stressed regions suggest that cultivation of this species could be feasible. A study was initiated to investigate this. Seed coat scarification improved the percentage of germination by almost 30%. A high temperature range (15-30°C) increased germination relative to a low temperature range (10-20°C). A factorial experiment consisting of three nitrogen forms (ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate and a 1:1 mixture of these) and three levels of irrigation (at 35%, 50% and 75% field capacity) was conducted. Productivity improved mostly with nitrate fertiliser, followed by a nitrate-ammonium mixture and lastly with ammonium applications. The nitrogen form and water treatment did not significantly increase total dry weight production, mean relative growth rates or root:shoot ratios. / In der laendlichen Bevoelkerung der Oestlichen Transvaal-Ebene in Suedafrika wird Corchorus tridens seit langem und gerne als Nahrungsmittel und Heilkraut verwendet. Reiche Samenproduktion, spontane Keimung und Vorkommen in wasserarmen Gegenden legen es nahe, die Kultivierung von Corchorus zu versuchen, um das Angebot zu vergroessern. Eine Studie wurde angelegt, um diese Moeglichkeit zu erforschen, mit den folgenden Ergebnissen: Aufritzen der Samenkapsel fuehrte zu einer 30% hoeheren Anzahl von keimenden Samen. Waermere Temperaturen (15-30°C) fuehrten ebenfalls zu besseren Keimzahlen im Vergleich zu kuehleren Temperaturen (10-20°C). Zusaetzlich wurde experimentiert mit Zugabe von Stickstoff in drei verschiedenen Formen (Ammoniumsulfat, Potassiumnitrat und einem 1:1 Gemisch aus beiden), und mit Wassergabe, die zu drei verschiedenen Saettigungsgraden im Boden fuehtre: 35%, 50% und 75%. Messungen des Trockengewichts ergaben, dass der groesste Produktionszuwachs mit Potassiumnitrat erreicht werden konnte, gefolgt vom Nitratgemisch, und am wenigsten durch Ammoniumgabe. Jedoch wurden Trockengewicht, durchschnittliche Wachstumsraten und Wurzel-Spross Verhaeltnisse nicht in signifikanter Hoehe durch die verschiedenen Nitrat- und Wassergaben veraendert.</description><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>AMMONIUM SULPHATE</subject><subject>BESOIN EN EAU</subject><subject>BESOIN NUTRITIONNEL</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CONTENIDO DE MATERIA SECA</subject><subject>CORCHORUS</subject><subject>DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION</subject><subject>DRY MATTER CONTENT</subject><subject>EDIBLE SPECIES</subject><subject>ESCARIFICACION</subject><subject>ESPECE</subject><subject>ESPECIES</subject><subject>Field capacity</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</subject><subject>Generalities. Production, biomass, yield. Quality</subject><subject>GERMINACION</subject><subject>GERMINATION</subject><subject>GROWTH RATE</subject><subject>INDICE DE CRECIMIENTO</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>NECESIDADES DE AGUA</subject><subject>NECESIDADES DE NUTRIENTES</subject><subject>NITRATE DE POTASSIUM</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>NITRATO DE POTASIO</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>POTASSIUM NITRATE</subject><subject>Quaternary ammonium compounds</subject><subject>RACINE</subject><subject>RAICES</subject><subject>REGIME HYDRIQUE DU SOL</subject><subject>REGIMEN HIDRICO DEL SUELO</subject><subject>ROOT SHOOT RATIO</subject><subject>ROOTS</subject><subject>SCARIFICATION</subject><subject>SOIL WATER REGIMES</subject><subject>SPECIES</subject><subject>STEMS</subject><subject>SULFATE D'AMMONIUM</subject><subject>SULFATO DE AMONIO</subject><subject>TALLO</subject><subject>Tannins</subject><subject>TAUX DE CROISSANCE</subject><subject>TEMPERATURA</subject><subject>TEMPERATURE</subject><subject>TENEUR EN MATIERE SECHE</subject><subject>TIGE</subject><subject>WATER REQUIREMENTS</subject><issn>0013-0001</issn><issn>1874-9364</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9jDFPwzAQhS0EEqWwMCIGDwwgETjbsd2MUFFAqsTQdq4uyaV1lTrFdoX49wQVsbx7et-7x9ilgAcBYB-fJyBHRsFodMQGYmTzrFAmP2YDAKEy6PWUncW46Z0VOh-wdkZU8xWFrfOYXOfvuXcpdCvy3O9TcL8ZR1_zL0wUeKDPvQu0JZ8i7xqe1sSpdmVLfE2h5OMuVOsu7CPvf2vykd_OXeuwIqS7c3bSYBvp4u8O2WLyMh-_ZdOP1_fx0zRrpJQpq20ljCwtFJU2YCogq8nkwpAupRVY6gYESKhRWCyNRQBlqYKiKSUWgGrIbg67O4wVtk1AX7m43AW3xfC9lIXUSkJfuz7UNjF14R_nUmtrdY-vDrjBbomr0C8sZoUBJQqtfgDT6mws</recordid><startdate>19951001</startdate><enddate>19951001</enddate><creator>Dzerefos, C.M. (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.)</creator><creator>Shackleton, C.M</creator><creator>Scholes, M.C</creator><general>The New York Botanical Garden</general><general>Springer</general><general>New York Botanical Garden Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19951001</creationdate><title>Seed germination, nitrogen nutrition and water requirements of the edible herb Corchorus tridens (Tiliaceae)</title><author>Dzerefos, C.M. (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.) ; Shackleton, C.M ; Scholes, M.C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-f222t-d7c162b709c5606c0e75e6416e5b271ab5f01020da17ab67a0037ec09fb2a90a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>AMMONIUM SULPHATE</topic><topic>BESOIN EN EAU</topic><topic>BESOIN NUTRITIONNEL</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CONTENIDO DE MATERIA SECA</topic><topic>CORCHORUS</topic><topic>DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION</topic><topic>DRY MATTER CONTENT</topic><topic>EDIBLE SPECIES</topic><topic>ESCARIFICACION</topic><topic>ESPECE</topic><topic>ESPECIES</topic><topic>Field capacity</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</topic><topic>Generalities. Production, biomass, yield. Quality</topic><topic>GERMINACION</topic><topic>GERMINATION</topic><topic>GROWTH RATE</topic><topic>INDICE DE CRECIMIENTO</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>NECESIDADES DE AGUA</topic><topic>NECESIDADES DE NUTRIENTES</topic><topic>NITRATE DE POTASSIUM</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>NITRATO DE POTASIO</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>POTASSIUM NITRATE</topic><topic>Quaternary ammonium compounds</topic><topic>RACINE</topic><topic>RAICES</topic><topic>REGIME HYDRIQUE DU SOL</topic><topic>REGIMEN HIDRICO DEL SUELO</topic><topic>ROOT SHOOT RATIO</topic><topic>ROOTS</topic><topic>SCARIFICATION</topic><topic>SOIL WATER REGIMES</topic><topic>SPECIES</topic><topic>STEMS</topic><topic>SULFATE D'AMMONIUM</topic><topic>SULFATO DE AMONIO</topic><topic>TALLO</topic><topic>Tannins</topic><topic>TAUX DE CROISSANCE</topic><topic>TEMPERATURA</topic><topic>TEMPERATURE</topic><topic>TENEUR EN MATIERE SECHE</topic><topic>TIGE</topic><topic>WATER REQUIREMENTS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dzerefos, C.M. (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shackleton, C.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholes, M.C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><jtitle>Economic botany</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dzerefos, C.M. (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.)</au><au>Shackleton, C.M</au><au>Scholes, M.C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Seed germination, nitrogen nutrition and water requirements of the edible herb Corchorus tridens (Tiliaceae)</atitle><jtitle>Economic botany</jtitle><date>1995-10-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>380</spage><epage>386</epage><pages>380-386</pages><issn>0013-0001</issn><eissn>1874-9364</eissn><coden>ECBOA5</coden><abstract>The use of Corchorus tridens for food and medicine is popular among rural communities in the Eastern Transvaal lowveld of South Africa. Its prolific seed production, spontaneous germination, and distribution in water stressed regions suggest that cultivation of this species could be feasible. A study was initiated to investigate this. Seed coat scarification improved the percentage of germination by almost 30%. A high temperature range (15-30°C) increased germination relative to a low temperature range (10-20°C). A factorial experiment consisting of three nitrogen forms (ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate and a 1:1 mixture of these) and three levels of irrigation (at 35%, 50% and 75% field capacity) was conducted. Productivity improved mostly with nitrate fertiliser, followed by a nitrate-ammonium mixture and lastly with ammonium applications. The nitrogen form and water treatment did not significantly increase total dry weight production, mean relative growth rates or root:shoot ratios. / In der laendlichen Bevoelkerung der Oestlichen Transvaal-Ebene in Suedafrika wird Corchorus tridens seit langem und gerne als Nahrungsmittel und Heilkraut verwendet. Reiche Samenproduktion, spontane Keimung und Vorkommen in wasserarmen Gegenden legen es nahe, die Kultivierung von Corchorus zu versuchen, um das Angebot zu vergroessern. Eine Studie wurde angelegt, um diese Moeglichkeit zu erforschen, mit den folgenden Ergebnissen: Aufritzen der Samenkapsel fuehrte zu einer 30% hoeheren Anzahl von keimenden Samen. Waermere Temperaturen (15-30°C) fuehrten ebenfalls zu besseren Keimzahlen im Vergleich zu kuehleren Temperaturen (10-20°C). Zusaetzlich wurde experimentiert mit Zugabe von Stickstoff in drei verschiedenen Formen (Ammoniumsulfat, Potassiumnitrat und einem 1:1 Gemisch aus beiden), und mit Wassergabe, die zu drei verschiedenen Saettigungsgraden im Boden fuehtre: 35%, 50% und 75%. Messungen des Trockengewichts ergaben, dass der groesste Produktionszuwachs mit Potassiumnitrat erreicht werden konnte, gefolgt vom Nitratgemisch, und am wenigsten durch Ammoniumgabe. Jedoch wurden Trockengewicht, durchschnittliche Wachstumsraten und Wurzel-Spross Verhaeltnisse nicht in signifikanter Hoehe durch die verschiedenen Nitrat- und Wassergaben veraendert.</abstract><cop>Heidelberg</cop><cop>Bronx, NY</cop><pub>The New York Botanical Garden</pub><doi>10.1007/BF02863088</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions AMMONIUM SULPHATE BESOIN EN EAU BESOIN NUTRITIONNEL Biological and medical sciences CONTENIDO DE MATERIA SECA CORCHORUS DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION DRY MATTER CONTENT EDIBLE SPECIES ESCARIFICACION ESPECE ESPECIES Field capacity Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development Generalities. Production, biomass, yield. Quality GERMINACION GERMINATION GROWTH RATE INDICE DE CRECIMIENTO Leaves NECESIDADES DE AGUA NECESIDADES DE NUTRIENTES NITRATE DE POTASSIUM Nitrates NITRATO DE POTASIO Nitrogen Nutrition NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Plant growth Plants POTASSIUM NITRATE Quaternary ammonium compounds RACINE RAICES REGIME HYDRIQUE DU SOL REGIMEN HIDRICO DEL SUELO ROOT SHOOT RATIO ROOTS SCARIFICATION SOIL WATER REGIMES SPECIES STEMS SULFATE D'AMMONIUM SULFATO DE AMONIO TALLO Tannins TAUX DE CROISSANCE TEMPERATURA TEMPERATURE TENEUR EN MATIERE SECHE TIGE WATER REQUIREMENTS |
title | Seed germination, nitrogen nutrition and water requirements of the edible herb Corchorus tridens (Tiliaceae) |
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