Induction of Aldose Reductase and Sorbitol in Renal Inner Medullary Cells by Elevated Extracellular NaCl

Aldose reductase [aldehyde reductase 2; alditol:NAD(P)+1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21] catalyzes conversion of glucose to sorbitol. Although its activity is implicated in the progression of ocular and neurological complications of diabetes, the normal function of the enzyme in most cells is unknown....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1987-03, Vol.84 (6), p.1718-1720
Main Authors: Bagnasco, Serena M., Uchida, Shunya, Balaban, Robert S., Kador, Peter F., Burg, Maurice B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aldehyde Reductase - biosynthesis
Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Cell lines
Cell membranes
Diabetes
Diabetes Complications
Diabetes Mellitus - enzymology
Enzymes
Enzymes and enzyme inhibitors
Extracellular Space - analysis
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Kidney cells
Kidney Medulla - metabolism
Osmolar Concentration
Osmosis
Oxidoreductases
Potassium
Rabbits
Sodium
Sodium Chloride - pharmacology
Solutes
Sorbitol - biosynthesis
Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases - biosynthesis
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Summary:Aldose reductase [aldehyde reductase 2; alditol:NAD(P)+1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21] catalyzes conversion of glucose to sorbitol. Although its activity is implicated in the progression of ocular and neurological complications of diabetes, the normal function of the enzyme in most cells is unknown. Both aldose reductase activity and substantial levels of sorbitol were previously reported in renal inner medullary cells. In this tissue, the extracellular NaCl concentration normally is high and varies considerably depending on the urine concentration. We report here on a line of renal medullary cells in which medium that is high in NaCl greatly increases both aldose reductase activity and intracellular sorbitol. In these tissue culture cells (and presumably also in the renal inner medulla), the intracellular sorbitol helps balance the osmotic pressure of elevated extracellular NaCl and thus prevents cellular dehydration.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.84.6.1718