Viruses in Fungi: Infection of Yeast with the K1 and K2 Killer Viruses

We demonstrate here that yeast killer viruses, previously thought to be transmitted only by cytoplasmic mixing during division, mating, or other induced forms of cell fusion, are capable of extracellular transmission. Viral particles from standard K1 and K2 killer strains were used to inoculate sens...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1987-06, Vol.84 (12), p.4293-4297
Main Authors: El-Sherbeini, Mohamed, Bostian, Keith A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Cell separation
Cell walls
Crosses, Genetic
Diploidy
Double stranded RNA
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genotype
Genotypes
Infections
Microbiology
Morphology, structure, chemical composition, physicochemical properties
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - physiology
Spheroplasts
Spheroplasts - physiology
Virology
Virus Physiological Phenomena
Viruses
Viruses - genetics
Yeasts
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Summary:We demonstrate here that yeast killer viruses, previously thought to be transmitted only by cytoplasmic mixing during division, mating, or other induced forms of cell fusion, are capable of extracellular transmission. Viral particles from standard K1 and K2 killer strains were used to inoculate sensitive cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rendered competent by spheroplasting, lithium acetate treatment, or by natural mating. Extracellular transmission of the killer viruses was judged by the following criteria and controls. (i) Filter-sterilized virus inocula were shown to be free of viable yeast cells, and host cells treated in the absence of added virus did not yield killer progeny. (ii) Infected clones originating from spheroplasts or lithium acetate-treated cells were shown to possess the genotype of the host strain and the killer phenotype of the infecting virus. (iii) Infected clones derived from complementary mating pairs were found to be wild-type diploids, whose meiotic segregants exhibited 2:2 segregation for unlinked nutritional markers and 4:0 segregation for the killer phenotype. This technique is generally applicable to the study of interactions between yeast viruses and different hosts and suggests that extracellular transmission may be a natural route for the inheritance and dissemination of mycoviruses.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.84.12.4293