Temperature, viral genetics, and the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens mosquitoes

The distribution and intensity of transmission of vector-borne pathogens can be strongly influenced by the competence of vectors. Vector competence, in turn, can be influenced by temperature and viral genetics. West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced into the United States of America in 1999 and subseq...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS pathogens 2008-06, Vol.4 (6), p.e1000092-e1000092
Main Authors: Kilpatrick, A Marm, Meola, Mark A, Moudy, Robin M, Kramer, Laura D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Culex
Culex - virology
Culex pipiens
Disease transmission
Ecology/Global Change Ecology
Encephalitis
Genetics
Health aspects
Insect Vectors - virology
Mosquitoes
Temperature
Time
Viral genetics
Virology/Emerging Viral Diseases
Virology/Virus Evolution and Symbiosis
West Nile fever
West Nile Fever - transmission
West Nile virus
West Nile virus - genetics
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Summary:The distribution and intensity of transmission of vector-borne pathogens can be strongly influenced by the competence of vectors. Vector competence, in turn, can be influenced by temperature and viral genetics. West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced into the United States of America in 1999 and subsequently spread throughout much of the Americas. Previously, we have shown that a novel genotype of WNV, WN02, first detected in 2001, spread across the US and was more efficient than the introduced genotype, NY99, at infecting, disseminating, and being transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. In the current study, we determined the relationship between temperature and time since feeding on the probability of transmitting each genotype of WNV. We found that the advantage of the WN02 genotype increases with the product of time and temperature. Thus, warmer temperatures would have facilitated the invasion of the WN02 genotype. In addition, we found that transmission of WNV accelerated sharply with increasing temperature, T, (best fit by a function of T(4)) showing that traditional degree-day models underestimate the impact of temperature on WNV transmission. This laboratory study suggests that both viral evolution and temperature help shape the distribution and intensity of transmission of WNV, and provides a model for predicting the impact of temperature and global warming on WNV transmission.
ISSN:1553-7374
1553-7366
1553-7374
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000092