Latherin: A Surfactant Protein of Horse Sweat and Saliva

Horses are unusual in producing protein-rich sweat for thermoregulation, a major component of which is latherin, a highly surface-active, non-glycosylated protein. The amino acid sequence of latherin, determined from cDNA analysis, is highly conserved across four geographically dispersed equid speci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2009-05, Vol.4 (5), p.e5726-e5726
Main Authors: McDonald, Rhona E, Fleming, Rachel I, Beeley, John G, Bovell, Douglas L, Lu, Jian R, Zhao, Xiubo, Cooper, Alan, Kennedy, Malcolm W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorption
Air-water interface
Allergens
Amino Acid Sequence
amino acid sequences
Amino acids
Analysis
animal proteins
Animals
asses
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Biochemistry/Protein Folding
Biomedical research
Biophysical Phenomena
Biophysics/Protein Folding
Calorimetry
Circular dichroism
complementary DNA
Conserved sequence
Cooling
Dichroism
Differential scanning calorimetry
Ecology/Evolutionary Ecology
Equus burchelli
Equus burchellii
Equus caballus
Equus hemionus
Evaporative cooling
Evolutionary biology
Fluorescence
Heat measurement
Horses
Horses - metabolism
Immunoglobulin E
latherin
Life sciences
Low concentrations
Mammals
Microorganisms
Molecular Sequence Data
Mucosa
Mud-water interfaces
Neutrons
nucleotide sequences
Oral cavity
Physics
Polymerase chain reaction
Protein folding
Proteins
Proteins - chemistry
Proteins - genetics
Proteins - metabolism
Recombinant Proteins - chemistry
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
Saliva
Saliva - metabolism
Salivary gland
Sequence Analysis, Protein
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Skin
species differences
Surface active agents
Surface Tension
Surface-Active Agents - chemistry
Surface-Active Agents - metabolism
surfactant proteins
Surfactants
Sweat
Sweat - metabolism
Thermoregulation
Tissues
Transcription, Genetic
Tryptophan - metabolism
Wetting
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Summary:Horses are unusual in producing protein-rich sweat for thermoregulation, a major component of which is latherin, a highly surface-active, non-glycosylated protein. The amino acid sequence of latherin, determined from cDNA analysis, is highly conserved across four geographically dispersed equid species (horse, zebra, onager, ass), and is similar to a family of proteins only found previously in the oral cavity and associated tissues of mammals. Latherin produces a significant reduction in water surface tension at low concentrations (
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0005726