Alternative splicing and extensive RNA editing of human TPH2 transcripts

• Published in: PloS one 2010-01, Vol.5 (1), p.e8956-e8956
• Main Authors: Grohmann, Maik, Hammer, Paul, Walther, Maria, Paulmann, Nils, Büttner, Andreas, Eisenmenger, Wolfgang, Baghai, Thomas C, Schüle, Cornelius, Rupprecht, Rainer, Bader, Michael, Bondy, Brigitta, Zill, Peter, Priller, Josef, Walther, Diego J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alternative Splicing; Amygdala; Analysis; B cells; Behavior disorders; Biochemistry/RNA Structure; Biochemistry/Transcription and Translation; Biology; Biosynthesis; Bipolar disorder; Brain; Cell lines; Central nervous system; Coding; Deregulation; Development and progression; Disorders; Drug abuse; Editing; Enzymatic activity; Enzymes; Etiology; Gene expression; Genes; Genetics; Haplotypes; Humans; Laboratories; Legal medicine; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology/RNA Splicing; Mood; Neurons; Neuroscience/Neural Homeostasis; Neuroscience/Neurobiology of Disease and Regeneration; Neuroscience/Neuronal Signaling Mechanisms; Neurosciences; Neurotransmission; Pharmacy; Physiological aspects; Psychiatry; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA Editing; Schizophrenia; Serotonin; Suicide; Suicides & suicide attempts; Tryptophan; Tryptophan hydroxylase; Tryptophan Hydroxylase - genetics; Vertebrates
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008956

Brain serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission plays a key role in the regulation of mood and has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of 5-HT. Recently, we discovered a second TPH isoform (TPH2) in vertebrates, including man, which is predominantly expressed in brain, while the previously known TPH isoform (TPH1) is primarly a non-neuronal enzyme. Overwhelming evidence now points to TPH2 as a candidate gene for 5-HT-related psychiatric disorders. To assess the role of TPH2 gene variability in the etiology of psychiatric diseases we performed cDNA sequence analysis of TPH2 transcripts from human post mortem amygdala samples obtained from individuals with psychiatric disorders (drug abuse, schizophrenia, suicide) and controls. Here we show that TPH2 exists in two alternatively spliced variants in the coding region, denoted TPH2a and TPH2b. Moreover, we found evidence that the pre-mRNAs of both splice variants are dynamically RNA-edited in a mutually exclusive manner. Kinetic studies with cell lines expressing recombinant TPH2 variants revealed a higher activity of the novel TPH2B protein compared with the previously known TPH2A, whereas RNA editing was shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of both TPH2 splice variants. Therefore, our results strongly suggest a complex fine-tuning of central nervous system 5-HT biosynthesis by TPH2 alternative splicing and RNA editing. Finally, we present molecular and large-scale linkage data evidencing that deregulated alternative splicing and RNA editing is involved in the etiology of psychiatric diseases, such as suicidal behaviour.