High-affinity inhibitors of human NAD-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase: mechanisms of inhibition and structure-activity relationships

• Published in: PloS one 2010-11, Vol.5 (11), p.e13719
• Main Authors: Niesen, Frank H, Schultz, Lena, Jadhav, Ajit, Bhatia, Chitra, Guo, Kunde, Maloney, David J, Pilka, Ewa S, Wang, Minghua, Oppermann, Udo, Heightman, Tom D, Simeonov, Anton
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+); Affinity; Alcohol; Algorithms; Binding; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Biocatalysis - drug effects; Biochemistry/Drug Discovery; Biochemistry/Small Molecule Chemistry; Biophysics/Biomacromolecule-Ligand Interactions; Bone surgery; Chemical Biology/Small Molecule Chemistry; Chemistry/Biochemistry; Clinical medicine; Cloning; Collaboration; Consortia; Corynebacterium aquaticum; Cross-reactivity; Crystallography; Crystallography, X-Ray; Deactivation; Dehydrogenase; Dehydrogenases; Dinoprostone - metabolism; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors - chemistry; Enzyme Inhibitors - metabolism; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Enzymes; Genomes; Genomics; Humans; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases - antagonists & inhibitors; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases - chemistry; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases - metabolism; Inactivation; Inhibitors; Kinetics; Lactobacillus brevis; Medical screening; Medicine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; NAD; NAD - chemistry; NAD - metabolism; Oxidation-Reduction; Probes; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase; Prostaglandins; Protein Binding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proteins; Pseudomonas; Reductases; Screens; Selectivity; Signaling; Structure-Activity Relationship; Structure-activity relationships; Substrate Specificity
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013719

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH, EC 1.1.1.141) is the key enzyme for the inactivation of prostaglandins, regulating processes such as inflammation or proliferation. The anabolic pathways of prostaglandins, especially with respect to regulation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes have been studied in detail; however, little is known about downstream events including functional interaction of prostaglandin-processing and -metabolizing enzymes. High-affinity probes for 15-PGDH will, therefore, represent important tools for further studies. To identify novel high-affinity inhibitors of 15-PGDH we performed a quantitative high-throughput screen (qHTS) by testing >160 thousand compounds in a concentration-response format and identified compounds that act as noncompetitive inhibitors as well as a competitive inhibitor, with nanomolar affinity. Both types of inhibitors caused strong thermal stabilization of the enzyme, with cofactor dependencies correlating with their mechanism of action. We solved the structure of human 15-PGDH and explored the binding modes of the inhibitors to the enzyme in silico. We found binding modes that are consistent with the observed mechanisms of action. Low cross-reactivity in screens of over 320 targets, including three other human dehydrogenases/reductases, suggest selectivity of the present inhibitors for 15-PGDH. The high potencies and different mechanisms of action of these chemotypes make them a useful set of complementary chemical probes for functional studies of prostaglandin-signaling pathways. This article can also be viewed as an enhanced version in which the text of the article is integrated with interactive 3D representations and animated transitions. Please note that a web plugin is required to access this enhanced functionality. Instructions for the installation and use of the web plugin are available in Text S2.