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Performance of LED-based fluorescence microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis in a peripheral health centre in Nairobi
Sputum microscopy is the only tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic available at peripheral levels of care in resource limited countries. Its sensitivity is low, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) can improve performance of microscopy and with the new light emitting di...
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Published in: | PloS one 2011-02, Vol.6 (2), p.e17214-e17214 |
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description | Sputum microscopy is the only tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic available at peripheral levels of care in resource limited countries. Its sensitivity is low, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) can improve performance of microscopy and with the new light emitting diode (LED) technologies could be appropriate for peripheral settings. The study aimed to compare the performance of LED-FM versus Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and to assess feasibility of LED-FM at a low level of care in a high HIV prevalence country.
A prospective study was conducted in an urban health clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Three sputum specimens were collected over 2 days from suspected TB patients. Each sample was processed with Auramine O and ZN methods and a 4(th) specimen was collected for TB culture reference standard. Auramine smears were read using the same microscope, equipped with the FluoLED™ fluorescence illuminator. Inter-reader agreement, reading time and technicians' acceptability assessed feasibility.
497 patients were included and 1394 specimens were collected. The detection yields of LED-FM and ZN microscopy were 20.3% and 20.6% (p = 0.64), respectively. Sensitivity was 73.2% for LED-FM and 72% for ZN microscopy, p = 0.32. It was 96.7% and 95.9% for specificity, p = 0.53. Inter-reader agreement was high (kappa = 0.9). Mean reading time was three times faster than ZN microscopy with very good acceptance by technicians.
Although it did not increase sensitivity, the faster reading time combined with very good acceptance and ease of use supports the introduction of LED-FM at the peripheral laboratory level of high TB and HIV burden countries. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0017214 |
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A prospective study was conducted in an urban health clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Three sputum specimens were collected over 2 days from suspected TB patients. Each sample was processed with Auramine O and ZN methods and a 4(th) specimen was collected for TB culture reference standard. Auramine smears were read using the same microscope, equipped with the FluoLED™ fluorescence illuminator. Inter-reader agreement, reading time and technicians' acceptability assessed feasibility.
497 patients were included and 1394 specimens were collected. The detection yields of LED-FM and ZN microscopy were 20.3% and 20.6% (p = 0.64), respectively. Sensitivity was 73.2% for LED-FM and 72% for ZN microscopy, p = 0.32. It was 96.7% and 95.9% for specificity, p = 0.53. Inter-reader agreement was high (kappa = 0.9). Mean reading time was three times faster than ZN microscopy with very good acceptance by technicians.
Although it did not increase sensitivity, the faster reading time combined with very good acceptance and ease of use supports the introduction of LED-FM at the peripheral laboratory level of high TB and HIV burden countries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017214</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21364757</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Ambulatory care facilities ; Bacteriology ; Biology ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic systems ; Efficiency ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Health services ; Hospitals, Satellite ; Humans ; Kenya ; Laboratories ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; LEDs ; Light ; Light emitting diodes ; Low income groups ; Low level ; Lung diseases ; Male ; Medical diagnosis ; Medical research ; Medicine ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Fluorescence - instrumentation ; Microscopy, Fluorescence - methods ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification ; Patients ; Public health ; Sedimentation & deposition ; Sensitivity ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; Sputum - chemistry ; Sputum - microbiology ; Technicians ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis - diagnosis ; Tuberculosis - epidemiology ; Tuberculosis - microbiology ; Young Adult ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-02, Vol.6 (2), p.e17214-e17214</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2011 Bonnet et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Bonnet et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-2035766825b2fa2fba567d1dfad21a9e460d257c6f5ac6622baff55803b9b36a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-2035766825b2fa2fba567d1dfad21a9e460d257c6f5ac6622baff55803b9b36a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1296446061/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1296446061?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364757$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Herrmann, Jean Louis</contributor><creatorcontrib>Bonnet, Maryline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gagnidze, Laramie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Githui, Willie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guérin, Philippe Jean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonte, Laurence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varaine, Francis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramsay, Andrew</creatorcontrib><title>Performance of LED-based fluorescence microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis in a peripheral health centre in Nairobi</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Sputum microscopy is the only tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic available at peripheral levels of care in resource limited countries. Its sensitivity is low, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) can improve performance of microscopy and with the new light emitting diode (LED) technologies could be appropriate for peripheral settings. The study aimed to compare the performance of LED-FM versus Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and to assess feasibility of LED-FM at a low level of care in a high HIV prevalence country.
A prospective study was conducted in an urban health clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Three sputum specimens were collected over 2 days from suspected TB patients. Each sample was processed with Auramine O and ZN methods and a 4(th) specimen was collected for TB culture reference standard. Auramine smears were read using the same microscope, equipped with the FluoLED™ fluorescence illuminator. Inter-reader agreement, reading time and technicians' acceptability assessed feasibility.
497 patients were included and 1394 specimens were collected. The detection yields of LED-FM and ZN microscopy were 20.3% and 20.6% (p = 0.64), respectively. Sensitivity was 73.2% for LED-FM and 72% for ZN microscopy, p = 0.32. It was 96.7% and 95.9% for specificity, p = 0.53. Inter-reader agreement was high (kappa = 0.9). Mean reading time was three times faster than ZN microscopy with very good acceptance by technicians.
Although it did not increase sensitivity, the faster reading time combined with very good acceptance and ease of use supports the introduction of LED-FM at the peripheral laboratory level of high TB and HIV burden countries.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Ambulatory care facilities</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Feasibility Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Fluorescence microscopy</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Hospitals, Satellite</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kenya</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lasers, Semiconductor</subject><subject>LEDs</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Light emitting diodes</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Low 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One</addtitle><date>2011-02-18</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e17214</spage><epage>e17214</epage><pages>e17214-e17214</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Sputum microscopy is the only tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic available at peripheral levels of care in resource limited countries. Its sensitivity is low, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) can improve performance of microscopy and with the new light emitting diode (LED) technologies could be appropriate for peripheral settings. The study aimed to compare the performance of LED-FM versus Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and to assess feasibility of LED-FM at a low level of care in a high HIV prevalence country.
A prospective study was conducted in an urban health clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Three sputum specimens were collected over 2 days from suspected TB patients. Each sample was processed with Auramine O and ZN methods and a 4(th) specimen was collected for TB culture reference standard. Auramine smears were read using the same microscope, equipped with the FluoLED™ fluorescence illuminator. Inter-reader agreement, reading time and technicians' acceptability assessed feasibility.
497 patients were included and 1394 specimens were collected. The detection yields of LED-FM and ZN microscopy were 20.3% and 20.6% (p = 0.64), respectively. Sensitivity was 73.2% for LED-FM and 72% for ZN microscopy, p = 0.32. It was 96.7% and 95.9% for specificity, p = 0.53. Inter-reader agreement was high (kappa = 0.9). Mean reading time was three times faster than ZN microscopy with very good acceptance by technicians.
Although it did not increase sensitivity, the faster reading time combined with very good acceptance and ease of use supports the introduction of LED-FM at the peripheral laboratory level of high TB and HIV burden countries.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21364757</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0017214</doi><tpages>e17214</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Algorithms Ambulatory care facilities Bacteriology Biology Diagnosis Diagnostic systems Efficiency Feasibility Studies Female Fluorescence Fluorescence microscopy Health services Hospitals, Satellite Humans Kenya Laboratories Lasers, Semiconductor LEDs Light Light emitting diodes Low income groups Low level Lung diseases Male Medical diagnosis Medical research Medicine Microscopy Microscopy, Fluorescence - instrumentation Microscopy, Fluorescence - methods Middle Aged Models, Biological Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification Patients Public health Sedimentation & deposition Sensitivity Sensitivity and Specificity Sputum Sputum - chemistry Sputum - microbiology Technicians Tuberculosis Tuberculosis - diagnosis Tuberculosis - epidemiology Tuberculosis - microbiology Young Adult Zinc |
title | Performance of LED-based fluorescence microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis in a peripheral health centre in Nairobi |
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