Immunolocalization of influenza A virus and markers of inflammation in the human Parkinson's disease brain

Although much is known regarding the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal cell loss in Parkinson's disease (PD), the initiating event has not been identified. Prevailing theories including a chemical insult or infectious agent have been postulated as possible triggers, leading to neuroinfla...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2011-05, Vol.6 (5), p.e20495-e20495
Main Authors: Rohn, Troy T, Catlin, Lindsey W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Alzheimer's disease
Antibodies
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism
Beclin-1
Biology
Brain
Brain - metabolism
Brain - virology
Caspase
Dementia
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Humans
Immunization
Immunohistochemistry
In Situ Nick-End Labeling
In Vitro Techniques
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammation - metabolism
Influenza
Influenza A
Influenza A virus - isolation & purification
Labeling
Localization
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Macrophages
Medicine
Melanins - metabolism
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Molecular modelling
Morphology
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurons
Parkinson Disease - metabolism
Parkinson Disease - virology
Parkinson's disease
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Proteins
Rodents
Studies
Substantia nigra
Substantia Nigra - metabolism
Substantia Nigra - virology
T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
Viral infections
Viruses
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Description
Summary:Although much is known regarding the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal cell loss in Parkinson's disease (PD), the initiating event has not been identified. Prevailing theories including a chemical insult or infectious agent have been postulated as possible triggers, leading to neuroinflammation. We present immunohistochemical data indicating the presence of influenza A virus within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) from postmortem PD brain sections. Influenza A virus labeling was identified within neuromelanin granules as well as on tissue macrophages in the SNpc. Further supporting a role for neuroinflammation in PD was the identification of T-lymphocytes that colocalized with an antibody to caspase-cleaved Beclin-1 within the SNpc. The presence of influenza A virus together with macrophages and T-lymphocytes may contribute to the neuroinflammation associated with this disease.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0020495