Herpes simplex virus type 1 penetrates the basement membrane in human nasal respiratory mucosa

Herpes simplex virus infections are highly prevalent in humans. However, the current therapeutics suffer important drawbacks such as limited results in neonates, increasing occurrence of resistance and impeded treatment of stromal infections. Remarkably, interactions of herpesviruses with human muco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2011-07, Vol.6 (7), p.e22160-e22160
Main Authors: Glorieux, Sarah, Bachert, Claus, Favoreel, Herman W, Vandekerckhove, Annelies P, Steukers, Lennert, Rekecki, Anamaria, Van den Broeck, Wim, Goossens, Joline, Croubels, Siska, Clayton, Reginald F, Nauwynck, Hans J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Apoptosis
Basement Membrane - virology
Basement membranes
Biochemistry
Biology
Cultivation
Encephalitis
Epithelial cells
Epithelium - virology
Ethical aspects
Explants
Fluorescence
Genes
Health aspects
Herpes simplex
Herpes viruses
Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology
Humans
In Situ Nick-End Labeling
Infection
Infections
Integrity
Kinases
Laboratories
Lamina propria
Loosening
Medical research
Medicine
Models, Biological
Morphology
Mucosa
Nasal Mucosa - ultrastructure
Nasal Mucosa - virology
Neonates
Otolaryngology
Proteins
Ribonucleotide reductase
Rounding
Stroma
Studies
Therapeutics
Toxicology
Veterinary medicine
Viability
Virology
Virus diseases
Viruses
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Summary:Herpes simplex virus infections are highly prevalent in humans. However, the current therapeutics suffer important drawbacks such as limited results in neonates, increasing occurrence of resistance and impeded treatment of stromal infections. Remarkably, interactions of herpesviruses with human mucosa, the locus of infection, remain poorly understood and the underlying mechanisms in stromal infection remain controversial. A human model consisting of nasal respiratory mucosa explants was characterised. Viability and integrity were examined during 96 h of cultivation. HSV1-mucosa interactions were analysed. In particular, we investigated whether HSV1 is able to reach the stroma. Explant viability and integrity remained preserved. HSV1 induced rounding up and loosening of epithelial cells with very few apoptotic and necrotic cells observed. Following 16-24 h of infection, HSV1 penetrated the basement membrane and replicated in the underlying lamina propria. This human explant model can be used to study virus-mucosa interactions and viral mucosal invasion mechanisms. Using this model, our results provide a novel insight into the HSV1 stromal invasion mechanism and for the first time directly demonstrate that HSV1 can penetrate the basement membrane.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0022160