The environment as an unrecognized reservoir for community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300: a case-control study

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are spreading, but the source of infections in non-epidemic settings remains poorly defined. We carried out a community-based, case-control study investigating socio-demographic risk factors and infectious reservoi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2011-07, Vol.6 (7), p.e22407
Main Authors: Uhlemann, Anne-Catrin, Knox, Justin, Miller, Maureen, Hafer, Cory, Vasquez, Glenny, Ryan, Megan, Vavagiakis, Peter, Shi, Qiuhu, Lowy, Franklin D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Analysis
Biology
Case-Control Studies
Child
Child, Preschool
Colonization
Colony Count, Microbial
Communities
Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology
Contamination
Demographics
Diabetes mellitus
Disease Reservoirs - microbiology
Disease transmission
Drug resistance
Enrollments
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Microbiology
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Female
Fomites
Genotyping
Health aspects
Health care
Health risks
Household Articles
Households
Humans
Infection
Infection control
Infections
Infectious diseases
Interviews
Male
Medical research
Medicine
Methicillin
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - physiology
Microbial drug resistance
Middle Aged
Nose - microbiology
Pathogens
Patients
Public health
Recolonization
Recurrence
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Risk management
Skin
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus infections
Staphylococcus infections
Surgeons
Young Adult
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Summary:Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are spreading, but the source of infections in non-epidemic settings remains poorly defined. We carried out a community-based, case-control study investigating socio-demographic risk factors and infectious reservoirs associated with MRSA infections. Case patients presented with CA-MRSA infections to a New York hospital. Age-matched controls without infections were randomly selected from the hospital's Dental Clinic patient population. During a home visit, case and control subjects completed a questionnaire, nasal swabs were collected from index respondents and household members and standardized environmental surfaces were swabbed. Genotyping was performed on S. aureus isolates. We enrolled 95 case and 95 control subjects. Cases more frequently reported diabetes mellitus and a higher number of skin infections among household members. Among case households, 53 (56%) were environmentally contaminated with S. aureus, compared to 36 (38%) control households (p = .02). MRSA was detected on fomites in 30 (32%) case households and 5 (5%; p
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0022407