The local origin of the Tibetan pig and additional insights into the origin of Asian pigs

The domestic pig currently indigenous to the Tibetan highlands is supposed to have been introduced during a continuous period of colonization by the ancestors of modern Tibetans. However, there is no direct genetic evidence of either the local origin or exotic migration of the Tibetan pig. We analyz...

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Published in:PloS one 2011-12, Vol.6 (12), p.e28215-e28215
Main Authors: Yang, Shuli, Zhang, Hao, Mao, Huaming, Yan, Dawei, Lu, Shaoxiong, Lian, Linsheng, Zhao, Guiying, Yan, Yulin, Deng, Weidong, Shi, Xianwei, Han, Shuxin, Li, Shuai, Wang, Xiujuan, Gou, Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Agriculture
Animal Migration
Animal populations
Animal sciences
Animals
Archaeology
Asia
Asia, Southeastern
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
Biology
Colonization
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Domestication
Genetic Variation
Genomes
Geography
Haplotypes
Highlands
Hogs
Migration
Mitochondrial DNA
Network analysis
Paleolithic
Pigs
Population
Rivers
Studies
Suidae
Sus scrofa
Sus scrofa - genetics
Swine - genetics
Taxonomy
Tibet
Zoology
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-203e6eafbe34f89a14a25cdfc016f7ff3b73eebeb70be09710ff4f1ea9c485f3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-203e6eafbe34f89a14a25cdfc016f7ff3b73eebeb70be09710ff4f1ea9c485f3
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creator Yang, Shuli
Zhang, Hao
Mao, Huaming
Yan, Dawei
Lu, Shaoxiong
Lian, Linsheng
Zhao, Guiying
Yan, Yulin
Deng, Weidong
Shi, Xianwei
Han, Shuxin
Li, Shuai
Wang, Xiujuan
Gou, Xiao
description The domestic pig currently indigenous to the Tibetan highlands is supposed to have been introduced during a continuous period of colonization by the ancestors of modern Tibetans. However, there is no direct genetic evidence of either the local origin or exotic migration of the Tibetan pig. We analyzed mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVI) variation of 218 individuals from seven Tibetan pig populations and 1,737 reported mtDNA sequences from domestic pigs and wild boars across Asia. The Bayesian consensus tree revealed a main haplogroup M and twelve minor haplogroups, which suggested a large number of small scale in situ domestication episodes. In particular, haplogroups D1 and D6 represented two highly divergent lineages in the Tibetan highlands and Island Southeastern Asia, respectively. Network analysis of haplogroup M further revealed one main subhaplogroup M1 and two minor subhaplogroups M2 and M3. Intriguingly, M2 was mainly distributed in Southeastern Asia, suggesting for a local origin. Similar with haplogroup D6, M3 was mainly restricted in Island Southeastern Asia. This pattern suggested that Island Southeastern Asia, but not Southeastern Asia, might be the center of domestication of the so-called Pacific clade (M3 and D6 here) described in previous studies. Diversity gradient analysis of major subhaplogroup M1 suggested three local origins in Southeastern Asia, the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze River, and the Tibetan highlands, respectively. We identified two new origin centers for domestic pigs in the Tibetan highlands and in the Island Southeastern Asian region.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0028215
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However, there is no direct genetic evidence of either the local origin or exotic migration of the Tibetan pig. We analyzed mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVI) variation of 218 individuals from seven Tibetan pig populations and 1,737 reported mtDNA sequences from domestic pigs and wild boars across Asia. The Bayesian consensus tree revealed a main haplogroup M and twelve minor haplogroups, which suggested a large number of small scale in situ domestication episodes. In particular, haplogroups D1 and D6 represented two highly divergent lineages in the Tibetan highlands and Island Southeastern Asia, respectively. Network analysis of haplogroup M further revealed one main subhaplogroup M1 and two minor subhaplogroups M2 and M3. Intriguingly, M2 was mainly distributed in Southeastern Asia, suggesting for a local origin. Similar with haplogroup D6, M3 was mainly restricted in Island Southeastern Asia. This pattern suggested that Island Southeastern Asia, but not Southeastern Asia, might be the center of domestication of the so-called Pacific clade (M3 and D6 here) described in previous studies. Diversity gradient analysis of major subhaplogroup M1 suggested three local origins in Southeastern Asia, the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze River, and the Tibetan highlands, respectively. 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However, there is no direct genetic evidence of either the local origin or exotic migration of the Tibetan pig. We analyzed mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVI) variation of 218 individuals from seven Tibetan pig populations and 1,737 reported mtDNA sequences from domestic pigs and wild boars across Asia. The Bayesian consensus tree revealed a main haplogroup M and twelve minor haplogroups, which suggested a large number of small scale in situ domestication episodes. In particular, haplogroups D1 and D6 represented two highly divergent lineages in the Tibetan highlands and Island Southeastern Asia, respectively. Network analysis of haplogroup M further revealed one main subhaplogroup M1 and two minor subhaplogroups M2 and M3. Intriguingly, M2 was mainly distributed in Southeastern Asia, suggesting for a local origin. Similar with haplogroup D6, M3 was mainly restricted in Island Southeastern Asia. This pattern suggested that Island Southeastern Asia, but not Southeastern Asia, might be the center of domestication of the so-called Pacific clade (M3 and D6 here) described in previous studies. Diversity gradient analysis of major subhaplogroup M1 suggested three local origins in Southeastern Asia, the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze River, and the Tibetan highlands, respectively. We identified two new origin centers for domestic pigs in the Tibetan highlands and in the Island Southeastern Asian region.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22163285</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0028215</doi><tpages>e28215</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
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issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
recordid cdi_plos_journals_1311506252
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subjects Adaptation
Agriculture
Animal Migration
Animal populations
Animal sciences
Animals
Archaeology
Asia
Asia, Southeastern
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
Biology
Colonization
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Domestication
Genetic Variation
Genomes
Geography
Haplotypes
Highlands
Hogs
Migration
Mitochondrial DNA
Network analysis
Paleolithic
Pigs
Population
Rivers
Studies
Suidae
Sus scrofa
Sus scrofa - genetics
Swine - genetics
Taxonomy
Tibet
Zoology
title The local origin of the Tibetan pig and additional insights into the origin of Asian pigs
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