Renal function and risk factors of moderate to severe chronic kidney disease in Golestan Province, northeast of Iran

The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing worldwide. Earlier studies reported high prevalence rates of obesity and hypertension, two major risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in Golestan Province, Iran. We aimed to investigate prevalence of moderate to severe CKD and its risk...

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Published in:PloS one 2010-12, Vol.5 (12), p.e14216-e14216
Main Authors: Najafi, Iraj, Attari, Fatemeh, Islami, Farhad, Shakeri, Ramin, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Salahi, Rasool, Gharavi, Mina Yapan, Hosseini, Mostafa, Broumand, Behrooz, Haghighi, Ali Nobakht, Larijani, Bagher, Malekzadeh, Reza
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aging
Body mass
Body Mass Index
Body size
Body weight
Cancer
Chronic kidney failure
Comorbidity
Confidence intervals
Coronary artery disease
Creatinine
Developing countries
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
End-stage renal disease
Endocrinology
Epidemiology
Female
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Health screening
Health surveillance
Heart
Heart diseases
Hospitals
Humans
Hypertension
Inhabitants
Insulin resistance
Iran
Ischemia
Kidney - physiology
Kidney diseases
Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnosis
Kidney Failure, Chronic - ethnology
Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology
LDCs
Male
Medical diagnosis
Medical research
Middle Aged
Myocardial infarction
Nephrology
Nephrology/Chronic Kidney Disease
Obesity
Overweight
Population
Prevalence
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
Public health
Public Health and Epidemiology/Epidemiology
Public Health and Epidemiology/Health Policy
Renal function
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Screening
Studies
Surveys and Questionnaires
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creator Najafi, Iraj
Attari, Fatemeh
Islami, Farhad
Shakeri, Ramin
Malekzadeh, Fatemeh
Salahi, Rasool
Gharavi, Mina Yapan
Hosseini, Mostafa
Broumand, Behrooz
Haghighi, Ali Nobakht
Larijani, Bagher
Malekzadeh, Reza
description The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing worldwide. Earlier studies reported high prevalence rates of obesity and hypertension, two major risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in Golestan Province, Iran. We aimed to investigate prevalence of moderate to severe CKD and its risk factors in the region. Questionnaire data and blood samples were collected from 3591 participants (≥18 years old) from the general population. Based on serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated. High body mass index (BMI) was common: 35.0% of participants were overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and 24.5% were obese (BMI ≥30). Prevalence of CKD stages 3 to 5 (CKD-S3-5), i.e., GFR
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0014216
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Earlier studies reported high prevalence rates of obesity and hypertension, two major risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in Golestan Province, Iran. We aimed to investigate prevalence of moderate to severe CKD and its risk factors in the region. Questionnaire data and blood samples were collected from 3591 participants (≥18 years old) from the general population. Based on serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated. High body mass index (BMI) was common: 35.0% of participants were overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and 24.5% were obese (BMI ≥30). Prevalence of CKD stages 3 to 5 (CKD-S3-5), i.e., GFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), was 4.6%. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the risk of CKD-S3-5 associated with every year increase in age was 1.13 (1.11-1.15). Men were at lower risk of CKD-S3-5 than women (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.18-0.45). Obesity (OR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.04-3.05) and self-reported diabetes (OR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.00-2.86), hypertension (OR = 3.16; 95% CI 2.02-4.95), ischemic heart disease (OR = 2.73; 95% CI 1.55-4.81), and myocardial infarction (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.14-6.32) were associated with increased risk of CKD-S3-5 in the models adjusted for age and sex. The association persisted for self-reported hypertension even after adjustments for BMI and history of diabetes (OR = 2.85; 95% CI 1.77-4.59). A considerable proportion of inhabitants in Golestan have CKD-S3-5. Screening of individuals with major risk factors of CKD, in order to early detection and treatment of impaired renal function, may be plausible. Further studies on optimal risk prediction of future end-stage renal disease and effectiveness of any screening program are warranted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014216</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21151983</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aging ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Body weight ; Cancer ; Chronic kidney failure ; Comorbidity ; Confidence intervals ; Coronary artery disease ; Creatinine ; Developing countries ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; End-stage renal disease ; Endocrinology ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Health screening ; Health surveillance ; Heart ; Heart diseases ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inhabitants ; Insulin resistance ; Iran ; Ischemia ; Kidney - physiology ; Kidney diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnosis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - ethnology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology ; LDCs ; Male ; Medical diagnosis ; Medical research ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial infarction ; Nephrology ; Nephrology/Chronic Kidney Disease ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Population ; Prevalence ; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ; Public health ; Public Health and Epidemiology/Epidemiology ; Public Health and Epidemiology/Health Policy ; Renal function ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Screening ; Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2010-12, Vol.5 (12), p.e14216-e14216</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2010 Najafi et al. 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Earlier studies reported high prevalence rates of obesity and hypertension, two major risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in Golestan Province, Iran. We aimed to investigate prevalence of moderate to severe CKD and its risk factors in the region. Questionnaire data and blood samples were collected from 3591 participants (≥18 years old) from the general population. Based on serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated. High body mass index (BMI) was common: 35.0% of participants were overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and 24.5% were obese (BMI ≥30). Prevalence of CKD stages 3 to 5 (CKD-S3-5), i.e., GFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), was 4.6%. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the risk of CKD-S3-5 associated with every year increase in age was 1.13 (1.11-1.15). Men were at lower risk of CKD-S3-5 than women (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.18-0.45). Obesity (OR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.04-3.05) and self-reported diabetes (OR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.00-2.86), hypertension (OR = 3.16; 95% CI 2.02-4.95), ischemic heart disease (OR = 2.73; 95% CI 1.55-4.81), and myocardial infarction (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.14-6.32) were associated with increased risk of CKD-S3-5 in the models adjusted for age and sex. The association persisted for self-reported hypertension even after adjustments for BMI and history of diabetes (OR = 2.85; 95% CI 1.77-4.59). A considerable proportion of inhabitants in Golestan have CKD-S3-5. Screening of individuals with major risk factors of CKD, in order to early detection and treatment of impaired renal function, may be plausible. Further studies on optimal risk prediction of future end-stage renal disease and effectiveness of any screening program are warranted.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Chronic kidney failure</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Coronary artery disease</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>End-stage renal disease</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerular Filtration Rate</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Health screening</subject><subject>Health surveillance</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Inhabitants</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Iran</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Kidney - physiology</subject><subject>Kidney diseases</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnosis</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - ethnology</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Myocardial infarction</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Nephrology/Chronic Kidney Disease</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public Health and 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function and risk factors of moderate to severe chronic kidney disease in Golestan Province, northeast of Iran</title><author>Najafi, Iraj ; Attari, Fatemeh ; Islami, Farhad ; Shakeri, Ramin ; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh ; Salahi, Rasool ; Gharavi, Mina Yapan ; Hosseini, Mostafa ; Broumand, Behrooz ; Haghighi, Ali Nobakht ; Larijani, Bagher ; Malekzadeh, Reza</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c757t-d6fea3d366e36bfdef9b9d70a27b6a76e9c5d7fa5336d999adc4b8648374e9ab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Chronic kidney failure</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Coronary artery disease</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Developing 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one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Najafi, Iraj</au><au>Attari, Fatemeh</au><au>Islami, Farhad</au><au>Shakeri, Ramin</au><au>Malekzadeh, Fatemeh</au><au>Salahi, Rasool</au><au>Gharavi, Mina Yapan</au><au>Hosseini, Mostafa</au><au>Broumand, Behrooz</au><au>Haghighi, Ali Nobakht</au><au>Larijani, Bagher</au><au>Malekzadeh, Reza</au><au>Noor, Abdisalan M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Renal function and risk factors of moderate to severe chronic kidney disease in Golestan Province, northeast of Iran</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2010-12-03</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e14216</spage><epage>e14216</epage><pages>e14216-e14216</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing worldwide. Earlier studies reported high prevalence rates of obesity and hypertension, two major risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in Golestan Province, Iran. We aimed to investigate prevalence of moderate to severe CKD and its risk factors in the region. Questionnaire data and blood samples were collected from 3591 participants (≥18 years old) from the general population. Based on serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated. High body mass index (BMI) was common: 35.0% of participants were overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and 24.5% were obese (BMI ≥30). Prevalence of CKD stages 3 to 5 (CKD-S3-5), i.e., GFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), was 4.6%. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the risk of CKD-S3-5 associated with every year increase in age was 1.13 (1.11-1.15). Men were at lower risk of CKD-S3-5 than women (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.18-0.45). Obesity (OR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.04-3.05) and self-reported diabetes (OR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.00-2.86), hypertension (OR = 3.16; 95% CI 2.02-4.95), ischemic heart disease (OR = 2.73; 95% CI 1.55-4.81), and myocardial infarction (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.14-6.32) were associated with increased risk of CKD-S3-5 in the models adjusted for age and sex. The association persisted for self-reported hypertension even after adjustments for BMI and history of diabetes (OR = 2.85; 95% CI 1.77-4.59). A considerable proportion of inhabitants in Golestan have CKD-S3-5. Screening of individuals with major risk factors of CKD, in order to early detection and treatment of impaired renal function, may be plausible. Further studies on optimal risk prediction of future end-stage renal disease and effectiveness of any screening program are warranted.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21151983</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0014216</doi><tpages>e14216</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
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1932-6203
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subjects Aged
Aging
Body mass
Body Mass Index
Body size
Body weight
Cancer
Chronic kidney failure
Comorbidity
Confidence intervals
Coronary artery disease
Creatinine
Developing countries
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
End-stage renal disease
Endocrinology
Epidemiology
Female
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Health screening
Health surveillance
Heart
Heart diseases
Hospitals
Humans
Hypertension
Inhabitants
Insulin resistance
Iran
Ischemia
Kidney - physiology
Kidney diseases
Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnosis
Kidney Failure, Chronic - ethnology
Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology
LDCs
Male
Medical diagnosis
Medical research
Middle Aged
Myocardial infarction
Nephrology
Nephrology/Chronic Kidney Disease
Obesity
Overweight
Population
Prevalence
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
Public health
Public Health and Epidemiology/Epidemiology
Public Health and Epidemiology/Health Policy
Renal function
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Screening
Studies
Surveys and Questionnaires
title Renal function and risk factors of moderate to severe chronic kidney disease in Golestan Province, northeast of Iran
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