Food chain transport of nanoparticles affects behaviour and fat metabolism in fish

• Published in: PloS one 2012-02, Vol.7 (2), p.e32254
• Main Authors: Cedervall, Tommy, Hansson, Lars-Anders, Lard, Mercy, Frohm, Birgitta, Linse, Sara
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algae; Animals; Apolipoprotein A; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins; Aquatic habitats; Bioassay; Bioassays; Biologi; Biological Assay - methods; Biological products; Biological Sciences; Biological Transport; Biology; Biomedical materials; Body weight loss; Carassius carassius; Catfish; Chemistry; Cholesterol; Corona; Cosmetics; Daphnia; Detergents; Ecology; Ecosystem; Ecosystems; Ekologi; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Fat metabolism; Feeding behavior; Fish; Fishes; Food; Food Chain; Food chains; Food production; Fresh Water; Ingestion; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Materials Science; Metabolism; Muscles; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanotechnology - methods; Natural Sciences; Naturvetenskap; Physiological aspects; Polystyrene; Polystyrene resins; Polystyrenes - chemistry; Protein composition; Salmo salar; Salmon; Sewage; Sewer systems; Triglycerides; Trout; Water Pollutants; Water Purification - methods; Zooplankton
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032254

Nano-sized (10(-9)-10(-7) m) particles offer many technical and biomedical advances over the bulk material. The use of nanoparticles in cosmetics, detergents, food and other commercial products is rapidly increasing despite little knowledge of their effect on organism metabolism. We show here that commercially manufactured polystyrene nanoparticles, transported through an aquatic food chain from algae, through zooplankton to fish, affect lipid metabolism and behaviour of the top consumer. At least three independent metabolic parameters differed between control and test fish: the weight loss, the triglycerides∶cholesterol ratio in blood serum, and the distribution of cholesterol between muscle and liver. Moreover, we demonstrate that nanoparticles bind to apolipoprotein A-I in fish serum in-vitro, thereby restraining them from properly utilising their fat reserves if absorbed through ingestion. In addition to the metabolic effects, we show that consumption of nanoparticle-containing zooplankton affects the feeding behaviour of the fish. The time it took the fish to consume 95% of the food presented to them was more than doubled for nanoparticle-exposed compared to control fish. Since many nano-sized products will, through the sewage system, end up in freshwater and marine habitats, our study provides a potential bioassay for testing new nano-sized material before manufacturing. In conclusion, our study shows that from knowledge of the molecular composition of the protein corona around nanoparticles it is possible to make a testable molecular hypothesis and bioassay of the potential biological risks of a defined nanoparticle at the organism and ecosystem level.