Therapeutic validity and effectiveness of preoperative exercise on functional recovery after joint replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: PloS one 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e38031-e38031
• Main Authors: Hoogeboom, Thomas J, Oosting, Ellen, Vriezekolk, Johanna E, Veenhof, Cindy, Siemonsma, Petra C, de Bie, Rob A, van den Ende, Cornelia H M, van Meeteren, Nico L U
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adults; Analysis; Arthroplasty, Replacement - rehabilitation; Bias; Chronic illnesses; Clinical trials; Confidence intervals; Diabetes; Epidemiology; Exercise; Exercise therapy; Experts; Fitness training programs; Health aspects; Health care; Heart rate; Hospitalization; Humans; Intervention; Joint replacement; Joint replacement surgery; Joint surgery; Medical ethics; Medical research; Medicine; Meta-analysis; Older people; Patients; Performance evaluation; Physical fitness; Preoperative Period; Primary care; Public health; Publication Bias; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Regression analysis; Regression models; Reproducibility of Results; Rheumatoid arthritis; Rheumatology; Sports medicine; Statistical analysis; Surgery; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Validity
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038031

Our aim was to develop a rating scale to assess the therapeutic validity of therapeutic exercise programmes. By use of this rating scale we investigated the therapeutic validity of therapeutic exercise in patients awaiting primary total joint replacement (TJR). Finally, we studied the association between therapeutic validity of preoperative therapeutic exercise and its effectiveness in terms of postoperative functional recovery. (Quasi) randomised clinical trials on preoperative therapeutic exercise in adults awaiting TJR on postoperative recovery of functioning within three months after surgery were identified through database and reference screening. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias and therapeutic validity. Therapeutic validity of the interventions was assessed with a nine-itemed, expert-based rating scale (scores range from 0 to 9; score ≥6 reflecting therapeutic validity), developed in a four-round Delphi study. Effects were pooled using a random-effects model and meta-regression was used to study the influence of therapeutic validity. Of the 7,492 articles retrieved, 12 studies (737 patients) were included. None of the included studies demonstrated therapeutic validity and two demonstrated low risk of bias. Therapeutic exercise was not associated with 1) observed functional recovery during the hospital stay (Standardised Mean Difference [SMD]: -1.19; 95%-confidence interval [CI], -2.46 to 0.08); 2) observed recovery within three months of surgery (SMD: -0.15; 95%-CI, -0.42 to 0.12); and 3) self-reported recovery within three months of surgery (SMD -0.07; 95%-CI, -0.35 to 0.21) compared with control participants. Meta-regression showed no statistically significant relationship between therapeutic validity and pooled-effects. Preoperative therapeutic exercise for TJR did not demonstrate beneficial effects on postoperative functional recovery. However, poor therapeutic validity of the therapeutic exercise programmes may have hampered potentially beneficial effects, since none of the studies met the predetermined quality criteria. Future review studies on therapeutic exercise should address therapeutic validity.