Gamma activation in young people with autism spectrum disorders and typically-developing controls when viewing emotions on faces

• Published in: PloS one 2012-07, Vol.7 (7), p.e41326-e41326
• Main Authors: Wright, Barry, Alderson-Day, Ben, Prendergast, Garreth, Bennett, Sophie, Jordan, Jo, Whitton, Clare, Gouws, Andre, Jones, Nick, Attur, Ram, Tomlinson, Heather, Green, Gary
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activation; Adolescent; Auditory tasks; Autism; BASIC (programming language); Beamforming; Biology; Brain research; Brain Waves; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - physiopathology; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - psychology; Child psychology; Children; Children & youth; Disorders; EEG; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Emotions; Face recognition; Facial Expression; Families & family life; Female; Humans; Magnetoencephalography; Male; Medical imaging; Medical research; Medicine; Neurophysiology; Neurosciences; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Occipital Lobe - physiopathology; Oscillations; Pattern recognition; Primary care; Psychiatry; Reaction Time; Recognition, Psychology; Regression Analysis; Sensory integration; Spatial filtering; Studies; Temporal Lobe - physiopathology; Trends; Viewing; Visual tasks; Young adults; Youth
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041326

Behavioural studies have highlighted irregularities in recognition of facial affect in children and young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Recent findings from studies utilising electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) have identified abnormal activation and irregular maintenance of gamma (>30 Hz) range oscillations when ASD individuals attempt basic visual and auditory tasks. The pilot study reported here is the first study to use spatial filtering techniques in MEG to explore face processing in children with ASD. We set out to examine theoretical suggestions that gamma activation underlying face processing may be different in a group of children and young people with ASD (n = 13) compared to typically developing (TD) age, gender and IQ matched controls. Beamforming and virtual electrode techniques were used to assess spatially localised induced and evoked activity. While lower-band (3-30 Hz) responses to faces were similar between groups, the ASD gamma response in occipital areas was observed to be largely absent when viewing emotions on faces. Virtual electrode analysis indicated the presence of intact evoked responses but abnormal induced activity in ASD participants. These findings lend weight to previous suggestions that specific components of the early visual response to emotional faces is abnormal in ASD. Elucidation of the nature and specificity of these findings is worthy of further research.