Differences in the inflammatory response induced by acute pancreatitis in different white adipose tissue sites in the rat

• Published in: PloS one 2012-08, Vol.7 (8), p.e41933
• Main Authors: Gea-Sorlí, Sabrina, Bonjoch, Laia, Closa, Daniel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue, White - immunology; Adipose Tissue, White - pathology; Animals; Anti-obesity agents; Biology; Body fat; Body mass; Body mass index; Body size; Cell activation; Cholagogues and Choleretics - adverse effects; Cholagogues and Choleretics - pharmacology; Complications; Complications and side effects; Cytokines; Enzymes; Fatty acids; Gangrene; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Interleukin 1; Interleukin-1beta - immunology; Lipase; Lipids; Macrophage Activation - drug effects; Macrophage Activation - immunology; Macrophages; Macrophages, Peritoneal - immunology; Macrophages, Peritoneal - pathology; Male; Medicine; Methyltestosterone; Obesity; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Pancreatitis - chemically induced; Pancreatitis - immunology; Pancreatitis - pathology; Pathology; Patients; Peritoneum; Peroxidase; Plasma; Polymerase chain reaction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rodents; Sodium; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - chemically induced; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - immunology; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - pathology; Taurocholic Acid - adverse effects; Taurocholic Acid - pharmacology; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041933

There is increasing evidence of the role of adipose tissue on the systemic effects of acute pancreatitis. Patients with higher body mass index have increased risk of local and systemic complications and patients with android fat distribution and higher waist circumference are at greater risk for developing the severe form of the disease. Here we evaluated the changes on different areas of adipose tissue and its involvement on the inflammatory response in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intraductal administration of sodium taurocholate. Orlistat was administered to inhibit lipase activity. Activation of peritoneal macrophages was evaluated by measuring IL1β and TNFα expression. Inflammation was evaluated by measuring myeloperoxidase activity in mesenteric, epididymal and retroperitoneal areas of adipose tissue. Changes in the expression of inflammatory mediator in these areas of adipose tissue were also evaluated by RT-PCR. Pancreatitis induces the activation of peritoneal macrophages and a strong inflammatory response in mesenteric and epididymal sites of adipose tissue. By contrast, no changes were found in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Inhibition of lipase prevented the activation of macrophages and the local inflammation in adipose tissue. Our results confirm the involvement of adipose tissue on the progression of systemic inflammatory response during acute pancreatitis. However, there is a considerable diversity in different adipose tissue sites. These differences need to be taken into account in order to understand the progression from local pancreatic damage to systemic inflammation during acute pancreatitis.