Validation of an instrument to measure older adults' expectations regarding movement (ERM)

• Published in: PloS one 2012-08, Vol.7 (8), p.e43854-e43854
• Main Authors: Dahodwala, Nabila, Karlawish, Jason, Shea, Judy A, Zubritsky, Cynthia, Stern, Matthew, Mandell, David S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adults; Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Aging - psychology; Alzheimer's disease; Attitude to Health; Basal ganglia; Care and treatment; Central nervous system diseases; Collectivism; Consistency; Culture; Diagnosis; Elderly; Epidemiology; Factor analysis; Female; Health care; Health risks; Humans; Literature reviews; Measurement; Medicine; Mental health; Mortality; Movement; Movement (Physiology); Movement disorders; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurology; Occupational health; Older people; Parkinson disease; Parkinson Disease - diagnosis; Parkinson Disease - psychology; Parkinson's disease; Patients; Physiological aspects; Psychometrics; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Social and Behavioral Sciences; Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043854

Many individuals with Parkinson's disease are not diagnosed and treated. Attitudes about aging and related help-seeking may affect the timely diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Our objectives were to develop measures of older adults' expectations regarding movement with aging, specifically related to parkinsonism, and their beliefs about seeking healthcare for the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism. We established content and face validity from interviews with experts, review of the literature, and pre-testing with key informants. Two 9-item instruments resulted: Expectations Regarding Movement (ERM) and Healthcare Seeking Beliefs for parkinsonism (HSB). These instruments were administered to 210 older adults at senior centers to investigate internal consistency and construct validity. 192 (91%) of the older adults completed more than 90% of the survey. The mean age was 76; 17 (9%) reported parkinsonism. Both scales demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.90). Factor analysis supported construct validity of the ERM and HSB scores. Older age, lower education, worse self-reported health and African American race each were associated with lower ERM scores, but not HSB scores. The ERM, a brief measure of expectations regarding movement with aging, shows reliability and validity. This scale may be useful in identifying older adults at increased risk for under-identification of Parkinson's disease. Further work is needed to measure healthcare seeking for parkinsonism.