The co-selection of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in the gut flora of Vietnamese children

• Published in: PloS one 2012-08, Vol.7 (8), p.e42919-e42919
• Main Authors: Vien, Le Thi Minh, Minh, Ngo Ngoc Quang, Thuong, Tang Chi, Khuong, Huynh Duy, Nga, Tran Vu Thieu, Thompson, Corinne, Campbell, James I, de Jong, Menno, Farrar, Jeremy J, Schultsz, Constance, van Doorn, H Rogier, Baker, Stephen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial resistance; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Biology; Care and treatment; Child, Preschool; Children; Children & youth; Citrobacter - drug effects; Citrobacter - genetics; Complications and side effects; Copy number; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Dosage and administration; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - immunology; Drug therapy; E coli; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae - drug effects; Enterobacteriaceae - genetics; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Escherichia coli - genetics; Female; Flora; Fluoroquinolones; Fluoroquinolones - pharmacology; Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology; Genes; Genomics; Guardians; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Intestinal microflora; Klebsiella - drug effects; Klebsiella - genetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Medicine; Microbial drug resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Pantoea - drug effects; Pantoea - genetics; Physiological aspects; Plasmids - genetics; Prognosis; Proteus - drug effects; Proteus - genetics; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rectum; Respiratory tract; Respiratory tract diseases; Risk factors; Shigella - drug effects; Shigella - genetics; Therapy; Tropical diseases
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042919

Antimicrobial consumption is one of the major contributing factors facilitating the development and maintenance of bacteria exhibiting antimicrobial resistance. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, such as the qnr family, can be horizontally transferred and contribute to reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. We performed an observational study, investigating the copy number of PMQR after antimicrobial therapy. We enrolled 300 children resident in Ho Chi Minh City receiving antimicrobial therapy for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Rectal swabs were taken on enrollment and seven days subsequently, counts for Enterobacteriaceae were performed and qnrA, qnrB and qnrS were quantified by using real-time PCR on metagenomic stool DNA. On enrollment, we found no association between age, gender or location of the participants and the prevalence of qnrA, qnrB or qnrS. Yet, all three loci demonstrated a proportional increase in the number of samples testing positive between day 0 and day 7. Furthermore, qnrB demonstrated a significant increase in copy number between paired samples (p