Risk of cardiovascular disease in a traditional African population with a high infectious load: a population-based study

• Published in: PloS one 2012-10, Vol.7 (10), p.e46855
• Main Authors: Koopman, Jacob J E, van Bodegom, David, Jukema, J Wouter, Westendorp, Rudi G J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Aged; Ankle; Atherosclerosis; Biology; Black People - statistics & numerical data; Blood Pressure; Body mass; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology; Communicable Diseases - complications; Developing countries; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemias - complications; EKG; Electrocardiography; Environmental conditions; Female; Geriatrics; Gerontology; Ghana - epidemiology; Glucose - metabolism; Health risks; Horticulture; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - complications; Infarction; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; Inflammation - complications; LDCs; Lifestyles; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Logistic Models; Malaria; Male; Medicine; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Mortality; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial Infarction - epidemiology; Myocardial Infarction - etiology; Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology; Obesity - complications; Pathogenesis; Peripheral Vascular Diseases - epidemiology; Peripheral Vascular Diseases - etiology; Peripheral Vascular Diseases - physiopathology; Population; Population studies; Population-based studies; Prevalence; Proteins; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Rural environments; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data; Sewage disposal; White People - statistics & numerical data
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046855

To test the inflammatory origin of cardiovascular disease, as opposed to its origin in western lifestyle. Population-based assessment of the prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in an inflammation-prone African population, including electrocardiography and ankle-arm index measurement. Comparison with known prevalences in American and European societies. Traditional population in rural Ghana, characterised by adverse environmental conditions and a high infectious load. Population-based sample of 924 individuals aged 50 years and older. Median values for cardiovascular risk factors, including waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, and markers of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Prevalence of myocardial infarction detected by electrocardiography and prevalence of peripheral arterial disease detected by ankle-arm index. When compared to western societies, we found the Ghanaians to have more proinflammatory profiles and less cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Prevalences of cardiovascular disease were also lower. Definite myocardial infarction was present in 1.2% (95%CI: 0.6 to 2.4%). Peripheral arterial disease was present in 2.8% (95%CI: 1.9 to 4.1%). Taken together, our data indicate that for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease inflammatory processes alone do not suffice and additional factors, probably lifestyle-related, are mandatory.