Effects of C-phycocyanin and Spirulina on salicylate-induced tinnitus, expression of NMDA receptor and inflammatory genes

Effects of C-phycocyanin (C-PC), the active component of Spirulina platensis water extract on the expressions of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) genes in the cochlea and inferior colliculus (I...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2013-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e58215
Main Authors: Hwang, Juen-Haur, Chen, Jin-Cherng, Chan, Yin-Ching
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animals
Aspartate
Biology
Cochlea
Cochlea - drug effects
Cochlea - metabolism
Colliculus
Cyclooxygenase 2 - genetics
Cyclooxygenase-2
Diet
Dietary supplements
Dopamine
Ears & hearing
Gene expression
Genes
Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic)
IL-1β
Inferior Colliculi - drug effects
Inferior Colliculi - metabolism
Inferior colliculus
Inflammation
Interleukin
Interleukin-1beta - genetics
Interleukins
Male
Medicine
Mice
N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Personal computers
Phycocyanin
Phycocyanin - pharmacology
Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase
Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - genetics
Rodents
Salicylates - pharmacology
Salicylic acid
Spirulina
Spirulina - chemistry
Supplementation
Tinnitus
Tinnitus - chemically induced
Tinnitus - drug therapy
Tinnitus - metabolism
Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Summary:Effects of C-phycocyanin (C-PC), the active component of Spirulina platensis water extract on the expressions of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) genes in the cochlea and inferior colliculus (IC) of mice were evaluated after tinnitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of salicylate. The results showed that 4-day salicylate treatment (unlike 4-day saline treatment) caused a significant increase in NR2B, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNAs expression in the cochlea and IC. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with C-PC or Spirulina platensis water extract significantly reduced the salicylate-induced tinnitus and down-regulated the mRNAs expression of NR2B, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNAs, and COX-2 genes in the cochlea and IC of mice. The changes of protein expression levels were generally correlated with those of mRNAs expression levels in the IC for above genes.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0058215