Origin of the diversity in DNA recognition domains in phasevarion associated modA genes of pathogenic Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae

Phase variable restriction-modification (R-M) systems have been identified in a range of pathogenic bacteria. In some it has been demonstrated that the random switching of the mod (DNA methyltransferase) gene mediates the coordinated expression of multiple genes and constitutes a phasevarion (phase...

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Published in:PloS one 2012-03, Vol.7 (3), p.e32337-e32337
Main Authors: Gawthorne, Jayde A, Beatson, Scott A, Srikhanta, Yogitha N, Fox, Kate L, Jennings, Michael P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
Analysis
Bacteria
Bioinformatics
Biology
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
DNA methyltransferase
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
Enzymes
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Gene sequencing
Gene transfer
Genes
Genes, Bacterial
Genomes
Haemophilus
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae - genetics
Helicobacter pylori
Hemophilus infections
Infectious diseases
Medicine
Methylation
Molecular Sequence Data
Mosaicism
Neisseria
Neisseria - genetics
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Nucleotide sequence
Phylogeny
Recognition
Recombination
Recombination, Genetic
Relational data bases
Restriction-modification
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Species Specificity
Transferases
Variability
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c691t-d20751b2266d43c05025b38ecc9cbd9a283a5a8ca0763502b7c7c9d793897a9e3
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creator Gawthorne, Jayde A
Beatson, Scott A
Srikhanta, Yogitha N
Fox, Kate L
Jennings, Michael P
description Phase variable restriction-modification (R-M) systems have been identified in a range of pathogenic bacteria. In some it has been demonstrated that the random switching of the mod (DNA methyltransferase) gene mediates the coordinated expression of multiple genes and constitutes a phasevarion (phase variable regulon). ModA of Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae contain a highly variable, DNA recognition domain (DRD) that defines the target sequence that is modified by methylation and is used to define modA alleles. 18 distinct modA alleles have been identified in H. influenzae and the pathogenic Neisseria. To determine the origin of DRD variability, the 18 modA DRDs were used to search the available databases for similar sequences. Significant matches were identified between several modA alleles and mod gene from distinct bacterial species, indicating one source of the DRD variability was via horizontal gene transfer. Comparison of DRD sequences revealed significant mosaicism, indicating exchange between the Neisseria and H. influenzae modA alleles. Regions of high inter- and intra-allele similarity indicate that some modA alleles had undergone recombination more frequently than others, generating further diversity. Furthermore, the DRD from some modA alleles, such as modA12, have been transferred en bloc to replace the DRD from different modA alleles.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0032337
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Regions of high inter- and intra-allele similarity indicate that some modA alleles had undergone recombination more frequently than others, generating further diversity. Furthermore, the DRD from some modA alleles, such as modA12, have been transferred en bloc to replace the DRD from different modA alleles.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22457715</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0032337</doi><tpages>e32337</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Alleles
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
Analysis
Bacteria
Bioinformatics
Biology
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
DNA methyltransferase
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
Enzymes
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Gene sequencing
Gene transfer
Genes
Genes, Bacterial
Genomes
Haemophilus
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae - genetics
Helicobacter pylori
Hemophilus infections
Infectious diseases
Medicine
Methylation
Molecular Sequence Data
Mosaicism
Neisseria
Neisseria - genetics
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Nucleotide sequence
Phylogeny
Recognition
Recombination
Recombination, Genetic
Relational data bases
Restriction-modification
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Species Specificity
Transferases
Variability
title Origin of the diversity in DNA recognition domains in phasevarion associated modA genes of pathogenic Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae
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