Experimental Infection of Plants with an Herbivore-Associated Bacterial Endosymbiont Influences Herbivore Host Selection Behavior

• Published in: PloS one 2012-11, Vol.7 (11), p.e49330-e49330
• Main Authors: Davis, Thomas Seth, Horton, David R, Munyaneza, Joseph E, Landolt, Peter J, Bonaventure, Gustavo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arthropoda; Arthropods; Bacteria; Bactericera cockerelli; Behavior; Biology; Candidatus Liberibacter; Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum; Ecology; Emissions; Endosymbionts; Experimental infection; Experiments; Exposure; Flowering; Flowers & plants; Health aspects; Helianthus annuus; Hemiptera - growth & development; Hemiptera - microbiology; Herbivores; Herbivory; Herbivory - physiology; Host plants; host preferences; Host selection; Infection; Infections; Laboratories; Linear Models; Negative selection; Oviposition; Oviposition - physiology; Phenology; Population biology; Population Dynamics; Population growth; Potatoes; Psyllids; Reproduction; Reproduction - physiology; reproductive performance; Rhizobiaceae; Solanum tuberosum; Solanum tuberosum - chemistry; Solanum tuberosum - parasitology; Symbionts; Symbiosis; volatile compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049330

Although bacterial endosymbioses are common among phloeophagous herbivores, little is known regarding the effects of symbionts on herbivore host selection and population dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that plant selection and reproductive performance by a phloem-feeding herbivore (potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli) is mediated by infection of plants with a bacterial endosymbiont. We controlled for the effects of herbivory and endosymbiont infection by exposing potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) to psyllids infected with “ Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” or to uninfected psyllids. We used these treatments as a basis to experimentally test plant volatile emissions, herbivore settling and oviposition preferences, and herbivore population growth. Three important findings emerged: (1) plant volatile profiles differed with respect to both herbivory and herbivory plus endosymbiont infection when compared to undamaged control plants; (2) herbivores initially settled on plants exposed to endosymbiont-infected psyllids but later defected and oviposited primarily on plants exposed only to uninfected psyllids; and (3) plant infection status had little effect on herbivore reproduction, though plant flowering was associated with a 39% reduction in herbivore density on average. Our experiments support the hypothesis that plant infection with endosymbionts alters plant volatile profiles, and infected plants initially recruited herbivores but later repelled them. Also, our findings suggest that the endosymbiont may not place negative selection pressure on its host herbivore in this system, but plant flowering phenology appears correlated with psyllid population performance.