In vivo antioxidant and antiulcer activity of Parkia speciosa ethanolic leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

• Published in: PloS one 2013-05, Vol.8 (5), p.e64751
• Main Authors: Al Batran, Rami, Al-Bayaty, Fouad, Jamil Al-Obaidi, Mazen M, Abdualkader, Abdualrahman Mohammed, Hadi, Hamid A, Ali, Hapipah Mohd, Abdulla, Mahmood Ameen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute toxicity; Alcohol; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents - adverse effects; Anti-Ulcer Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Ulcer Agents - therapeutic use; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Apoptosis; Bax protein; bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism; Beans; Biocompatibility; Biology; Carboxymethylcellulose; Chemistry; Dentistry; Drug dosages; Ethanol; Fabaceae - chemistry; Female; Gastric mucosa; Gastric Mucosa - drug effects; Gastric Mucosa - metabolism; Gastric Mucosa - pathology; Gastroenterology; Glutathione; Glutathione - metabolism; Histology; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; Hsp70 protein; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration - drug effects; Immunohistochemistry; In vivo methods and tests; Injuries; Injury prevention; Laboratory animals; Leaves; Lipid peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde - metabolism; Medical research; Medicine; Mucus; Mucus - metabolism; Omeprazole; Parkia speciosa; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Peroxidation; Plant Extracts - adverse effects; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rodents; Science; Seeds; Stomach Ulcer - drug therapy; Stomach Ulcer - enzymology; Stomach Ulcer - pathology; Studies; Superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Toxicity; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Ulcers
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064751

The current study was carried out to examine the gastroprotective effects of Parkia speciosa against ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were separated into 7 groups. Groups 1-2 were orally challenged with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); group 3 received 20 mg/kg omeprazole and groups 4-7 received 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract, respectively. After 1 h, CMC or absolute ethanol was given orally to groups 2-7. The rats were sacrificed after 1 h. Then, the injuries to the gastric mucosa were estimated through assessment of the gastric wall mucus, the gross appearance of ulcer areas, histology, immunohistochemistry and enzymatic assays. Group 2 exhibited significant mucosal injuries, with reduced gastric wall mucus and severe damage to the gastric mucosa, whereas reductions in mucosal injury were observed for groups 4-7. Groups 3-7 demonstrated a reversal in the decrease in Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining induced by ethanol. No symptoms of toxicity or death were observed during the acute toxicity tests. Treatment with the extract led to the upregulation of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the downregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX. Significant increases in the levels of the antioxidant defense enzymes glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the gastric mucosal homogenate were observed, whereas that of a lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) was significantly decreased. Significance was defined as p