HSV-2 Infection as a Cause of Female/Male and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV Infection

To examine the potential contribution of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection to female/male and racial/ethnic disparities in HIV among non-injecting heroin and cocaine drug users. HSV-2 infection increases susceptibility to HIV infection by a factor of two to three. Subjects were recruited from...

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Published in:PloS one 2013-06, Vol.8 (6), p.e66874-e66874
Main Authors: Des Jarlais, Don C, Arasteh, Kamyar, McKnight, Courtney, Perlman, David C, Cooper, Hannah L F, Hagan, Holly
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Adult
African Americans
AIDS
Cocaine
Cultural differences
Detoxification
Detoxification (Substance abuse treatment)
Disease susceptibility
Disease transmission
Drug abuse
Ethnicity
Female
Females
Health aspects
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Health Status Disparities
Heroin
Herpes Genitalis - complications
Herpes simplex
Herpesvirus 2, Human - isolation & purification
HIV
HIV infections
HIV Infections - complications
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infections
Male
Males
Medicine
Racial Groups
Risk factors
Sexually transmitted diseases
Social and Behavioral Sciences
STD
Viruses
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creator Des Jarlais, Don C
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Hagan, Holly
description To examine the potential contribution of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection to female/male and racial/ethnic disparities in HIV among non-injecting heroin and cocaine drug users. HSV-2 infection increases susceptibility to HIV infection by a factor of two to three. Subjects were recruited from entrants to the Beth Israel drug detoxification program in New York City 2005-11. All subjects reported current use of heroin and/or cocaine and no lifetime injection drug use. A structured questionnaire was administered and serum samples collected for HIV and HSV-2 testing. Population-attributable risk percentages (PAR%s) were calculated for associations between HSV-2 infection and increased susceptibility to HIV. 1745 subjects were recruited from 2005-11. Overall HIV prevalence was 14%. Females had higher prevalence than males (22% vs. 12%) (p
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There were parallel variations in HSV-2 prevalence (females 86%, males 51%, African-Americans 66%, Hispanics 47%, Whites 36%), HSV-2 prevalence was strongly associated with HIV prevalence (OR  =  3.12 95% CI 2.24 to 4.32). PAR%s for HSV-2 as a cause of HIV ranged from 21% for Whites to 50% for females. Adjusting for the effect of increased susceptibility to HIV due to HSV-2 infection greatly reduced all disparities (adjusted prevalence  =  males 8%, females 11%; Whites 3%, African-Americans 10%, Hispanics 9%). Female/male and racial/ethnic variations in HSV-2 infection provide a biological mechanism that may generate female/male and racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection among non-injecting heroin and cocaine users in New York City. 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HSV-2 infection increases susceptibility to HIV infection by a factor of two to three. Subjects were recruited from entrants to the Beth Israel drug detoxification program in New York City 2005-11. All subjects reported current use of heroin and/or cocaine and no lifetime injection drug use. A structured questionnaire was administered and serum samples collected for HIV and HSV-2 testing. Population-attributable risk percentages (PAR%s) were calculated for associations between HSV-2 infection and increased susceptibility to HIV. 1745 subjects were recruited from 2005-11. Overall HIV prevalence was 14%. Females had higher prevalence than males (22% vs. 12%) (p&lt;0.001), African-Americans had the highest prevalence (15%), Hispanics an intermediate prevalence (12%), and Whites the lowest prevalence (3%) (p&lt;.001). There were parallel variations in HSV-2 prevalence (females 86%, males 51%, African-Americans 66%, Hispanics 47%, Whites 36%), HSV-2 prevalence was strongly associated with HIV prevalence (OR  =  3.12 95% CI 2.24 to 4.32). PAR%s for HSV-2 as a cause of HIV ranged from 21% for Whites to 50% for females. Adjusting for the effect of increased susceptibility to HIV due to HSV-2 infection greatly reduced all disparities (adjusted prevalence  =  males 8%, females 11%; Whites 3%, African-Americans 10%, Hispanics 9%). Female/male and racial/ethnic variations in HSV-2 infection provide a biological mechanism that may generate female/male and racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection among non-injecting heroin and cocaine users in New York City. HSV-2 infection should be assessed as a potential contributing factor to disparities in sexually transmitted HIV throughout the US.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>23825055</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0066874</doi><tpages>e66874</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Adult
African Americans
AIDS
Cocaine
Cultural differences
Detoxification
Detoxification (Substance abuse treatment)
Disease susceptibility
Disease transmission
Drug abuse
Ethnicity
Female
Females
Health aspects
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Health Status Disparities
Heroin
Herpes Genitalis - complications
Herpes simplex
Herpesvirus 2, Human - isolation & purification
HIV
HIV infections
HIV Infections - complications
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infections
Male
Males
Medicine
Racial Groups
Risk factors
Sexually transmitted diseases
Social and Behavioral Sciences
STD
Viruses
title HSV-2 Infection as a Cause of Female/Male and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV Infection
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