An Immature Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) Nasal Reveals Unexpected Complexity of Craniofacial Ontogeny and Integument in Pachyrhinosaurus

A new specimen attributable to an immature individual of Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum (Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry in northern Alaska preserves a mix of features that provides refinement to the sequence of ontogenetic stages and transformations inferred for the development...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2013-06, Vol.8 (6), p.e65802-e65802
Main Authors: Fiorillo, Anthony R, Tykoski, Ronald S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alaska
Animals
Biology
Developmental stages
Dinosauria
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs - anatomy & histology
Dinosaurs - growth & development
Earth Sciences
Fossils
Integument
Integumentary System - anatomy & histology
Integumentary System - growth & development
Museums
Nose - anatomy & histology
Nose - growth & development
Ontogeny
Ornithischia
Phylogeny
Quarries
Rostrum
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Summary:A new specimen attributable to an immature individual of Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum (Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Kikak-Tegoseak Quarry in northern Alaska preserves a mix of features that provides refinement to the sequence of ontogenetic stages and transformations inferred for the development of the nasal boss in Pachyrhinosaurus. The new specimen consists of an incomplete nasal that includes the posterior part of the nasal horn, the dorsal surface between the horn and the left-side contacts for the prefrontal and frontal, and some of the left side of the rostrum posteroventral to the nasal horn. The combination of morphologies in the new specimen suggests either an additional stage of development should be recognized in the ontogeny of the nasal boss of Pachyrhinosaurus, or that the ontogenetic pathway of nasal boss development in P. perotorum was notably different from that of P. lakustai. Additionally, the presence of a distinct basal sulcus and the lateral palisade texture on the nasal horn of the specimen described here indicate that a thick, cornified horn sheath was present well before the formation of a dorsal cornified pad. A separate rugose patch on the nasal well posterior to the nasal horn is evidence for a cornified integumentary structure, most likely a thick cornified pad, on the posterior part of the nasal separate from the nasal horn prior to the onset of nasal boss formation in P. perotorum.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0065802