Proteomic analysis of proton beam irradiated human melanoma cells

• Published in: PloS one 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e84621-e84621
• Main Authors: Kedracka-Krok, Sylwia, Jankowska, Urszula, Elas, Martyna, Sowa, Urszula, Swakon, Jan, Cierniak, Agnieszka, Olko, Pawel, Romanowska-Dixon, Bozena, Urbanska, Krystyna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Actinin; Apoptosis; Ataxia; Biochemistry; Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation - radiation effects; Cell survival; Cell Survival - radiation effects; Cytoskeleton; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA damage; DNA Damage - radiation effects; DNA repair; Gene expression; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Growth factors; Heat shock proteins; Hsp70 protein; Humans; Ionizing radiation; Irradiation; Kinases; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Medical prognosis; Medicine; Melanoma; Melanoma - metabolism; Melanoma - radiotherapy; Mesenchyme; Metabolism; Metastases; Metastasis; Moesin; Nuclear physics; Optimization; Physiological aspects; Proteins; Proteome; Proteomics - methods; Proton beams; Protons; Radiation; Radiation dosage; Radiation therapy; Radiobiology; Radiotherapy; Repair; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Stress response; Stress, Physiological; Sublethal dosage; Vimentin
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084621

Proton beam irradiation is a form of advanced radiotherapy providing superior distributions of a low LET radiation dose relative to that of photon therapy for the treatment of cancer. Even though this clinical treatment has been developing for several decades, the proton radiobiology critical to the optimization of proton radiotherapy is far from being understood. Proteomic changes were analyzed in human melanoma cells treated with a sublethal dose (3 Gy) of proton beam irradiation. The results were compared with untreated cells. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed with mass spectrometry to identify the proteins. At the dose of 3 Gy a minimal slowdown in proliferation rate was seen, as well as some DNA damage. After allowing time for damage repair, the proteomic analysis was performed. In total 17 protein levels were found to significantly (more than 1.5 times) change: 4 downregulated and 13 upregulated. Functionally, they represent four categories: (i) DNA repair and RNA regulation (VCP, MVP, STRAP, FAB-2, Lamine A/C, GAPDH), (ii) cell survival and stress response (STRAP, MCM7, Annexin 7, MVP, Caprin-1, PDCD6, VCP, HSP70), (iii) cell metabolism (TIM, GAPDH, VCP), and (iv) cytoskeleton and motility (Moesin, Actinin 4, FAB-2, Vimentin, Annexin 7, Lamine A/C, Lamine B). A substantial decrease (2.3 x) was seen in the level of vimentin, a marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the metastatic properties of melanoma.