The heterozygote superiority hypothesis for polymorphic color vision is not supported by long-term fitness data from wild neotropical monkeys

The leading explanatory model for the widespread occurrence of color vision polymorphism in Neotropical primates is the heterozygote superiority hypothesis, which postulates that trichromatic individuals have a fitness advantage over other phenotypes because redgreen chromatic discrimination is usef...

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Published in:PloS one 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e84872-e84872
Main Authors: Fedigan, Linda M, Melin, Amanda D, Addicott, John F, Kawamura, Shoji
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animal reproduction
Animals
Ateles geoffroyi
Biology
Breeding success
Cebus capucinus
Color blindness
Color Perception - genetics
Color Vision
Computer Science
Female
Females
Fertility
Fitness
Forage
Fruits
Haplorhini - physiology
Heterozygote
Heterozygote advantage
Hypotheses
Males
Mathematical models
Monkeys
Offspring
Other
Phenotype
Polymorphism
Population
Primates
Reproduction
Reproductive fitness
Signaling
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Studies
Success
Survival
Survival analysis
Veterinary Science
Visual discrimination
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description The leading explanatory model for the widespread occurrence of color vision polymorphism in Neotropical primates is the heterozygote superiority hypothesis, which postulates that trichromatic individuals have a fitness advantage over other phenotypes because redgreen chromatic discrimination is useful for foraging, social signaling, or predator detection. Alternative explanatory models predict that dichromatic and trichromatic phenotypes are each suited to distinct tasks. To conclusively evaluate these models, one must determine whether proposed visual advantages translate into differential fitness of trichromatic and dichromatic individuals. We tested whether color vision phenotype is a significant predictor of female fitness in a population of wild capuchins, using longterm 26 years survival and fertility data. We found no advantage to trichromats over dichromats for three fitness measures fertility rates, offspring survival and maternal survival. This finding suggests that a selective mechanism other than heterozygote advantage is operating to maintain the color vision polymorphism. We propose that attention be directed to field testing the alternative mechanisms of balancing selection proposed to explain opsin polymorphism nichedivergence, frequencydependence and mutual benefit of association. This is the first indepth, longterm study examining the effects of color vision variation on survival and reproductive success in a naturallyoccurring population of primates.
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subjects Analysis
Animal reproduction
Animals
Ateles geoffroyi
Biology
Breeding success
Cebus capucinus
Color blindness
Color Perception - genetics
Color Vision
Computer Science
Female
Females
Fertility
Fitness
Forage
Fruits
Haplorhini - physiology
Heterozygote
Heterozygote advantage
Hypotheses
Males
Mathematical models
Monkeys
Offspring
Other
Phenotype
Polymorphism
Population
Primates
Reproduction
Reproductive fitness
Signaling
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Studies
Success
Survival
Survival analysis
Veterinary Science
Visual discrimination
title The heterozygote superiority hypothesis for polymorphic color vision is not supported by long-term fitness data from wild neotropical monkeys
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