A neonatal piglet model for investigating brain and cognitive development in small for gestational age human infants

The piglet was investigated as a potential model for studying brain and cognitive deficits associated with being born small for gestational age (SGA). Naturally farrowed SGA (0.7-1.0 kg BW) and average for gestational age (AGA, 1.3-1.6 kg BW) piglets were obtained on postnatal day (PD) 2, placed in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-03, Vol.9 (3), p.e91951-e91951
Main Authors: Radlowski, Emily C, Conrad, Matthew S, Lezmi, Stephane, Dilger, Ryan N, Sutton, Brad, Larsen, Ryan, Johnson, Rodney W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Age
Animal cognition
Animal sciences
Animals
Animals, Newborn
Anisotropy
Archives & records
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biology and Life Sciences
Birth weight
Body Weight
Brain
Brain - anatomy & histology
Brain - growth & development
Brain - physiology
Brain research
Cages
Child Development
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive ability
Cognitive development
Corpus callosum
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Disease
Fetuses
Gestational age
Hogs
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Small for Gestational Age - growth & development
Infants
Investigations
Magnetic resonance
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Maze Learning
Medical imaging
Medicine and Health Sciences
Memory
Metabolism
Metabolites
Milk
Models, Animal
Morphometry
Neonates
Neural networks
Neuroimaging
Neurosciences
Newborn babies
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Organ Size
Pediatrics
Research and Analysis Methods
Small for gestational age
Spatial discrimination learning
Spatial memory
Spectroscopy
Studies
Substantia alba
Substantia grisea
Swine
Trends
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Summary:The piglet was investigated as a potential model for studying brain and cognitive deficits associated with being born small for gestational age (SGA). Naturally farrowed SGA (0.7-1.0 kg BW) and average for gestational age (AGA, 1.3-1.6 kg BW) piglets were obtained on postnatal day (PD) 2, placed in individual cages, and provided a nutritionally adequate milk replacer diet (285 ml/kg/d). Beginning at PD14, performance in a spatial T-maze task was assessed. At PD28, piglets were anesthetized for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess brain structure (voxel-based morphometry), connectivity (diffusion-tensor imaging) and metabolites in the hippocampus and corpus callosum (proton MR spectroscopy). Piglets born SGA showed compensatory growth such that BW of SGA and AGA piglets was similar (P>0.05), by PD15. Birth weight affected maze performance, with SGA piglets taking longer to reach criterion than AGA piglets (p
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0091951