Low levels of antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro using viruses and plasma from dengue patients

• Published in: PloS one 2014-03, Vol.9 (3), p.e92173-e92173
• Main Authors: Chaichana, Panjaporn, Okabayashi, Tamaki, Puiprom, Orapim, Sasayama, Mikiko, Sasaki, Tadahiro, Yamashita, Akifumi, Ramasoota, Pongrama, Kurosu, Takeshi, Ikuta, Kazuyoshi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal - blood; Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Antibody-Dependent Enhancement; Assaying; Biology and life sciences; Cell culture; Cell Line; Cercopithecus aethiops; Coinfection - blood; Coinfection - immunology; Coinfection - virology; Dengue fever; Dengue hemorrhagic fever; Dengue virus; Dengue Virus - genetics; Dengue Virus - immunology; Fever; Gene expression; Health aspects; Hemorrhagic fevers; Humans; Immune Sera - chemistry; Immunoglobulins; Infection; Infections; Infectious diseases; Laboratories; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Monoclonal antibodies; Neutralization; Neutralization Tests; Patients; Precipitates; Proteins; Reassortant Viruses - genetics; Reassortant Viruses - immunology; Research and Analysis Methods; Science; Secondary infection; Severe Dengue - blood; Severe Dengue - immunology; Severe Dengue - virology; Severity of Illness Index; Strains (organisms); Studies; Sustainable development; Tropical diseases; Ultracentrifugation; Vaccines; Vector-borne diseases; Vero Cells; Viral diseases; Virology; Viruses
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092173

The majority of dengue patients infected with any serotype of dengue virus (DENV) are asymptomatic, but the remainder may develop a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Severe cases occur more often in patients who experience a secondary infection with a different virus serotype. A phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been proposed to explain the onset of these severe cases, but the exact mechanism of ADE remains unclear. Virus neutralization and ADE assays were performed using ultracentrifugation supernatants of acute-phase sera from patients with secondary infections or human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) as anti-DENV antibodies. Virus sources included infectious serum-derived viruses from the ultracentrifugation precipitates, laboratory-culture adapted DENV, or recombinant DENVs derived from patient sera. In contrast to the high levels of ADE observed with laboratory virus strains, low ADE was observed with autologous patient-derived viruses, when patient sera were used to provide the antibody component in the ADE assays. Similar results were obtained using samples from DF and DHF patients. Recombinant-viruses derived from DHF patients showed only minor differences in neutralization and ADE activity in the presence of HuMAbs or plasma derived from the same DHF patient. Serum or plasma taken from patients during the acute phase of a secondary infection showed high levels of ADE, but no neutralization activity, when assayed in the presence of laboratory-adapted virus strains. By contrast, serum or plasma from the same patient showed high levels of neutralization activity but failed to induce significant ADE when the assays were performed with autologous virus. These results demonstrate the significance of the virus source when measuring ADE. They also suggest that repeated passage of DENV in cell culture has endowed it with the capacity to induce high levels of ADE.