Rat experimental model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: an ethical approach to set up the analgesic management of acute post-surgical pain

During the past 30 years, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rodents became one of the most commonly used model in cardiovascular research. Appropriate pain-prevention appears critical since it may influence the outcome and the results obtained with this model. However, there are no proper gu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-04, Vol.9 (4), p.e95913-e95913
Main Authors: Ciuffreda, Maria Chiara, Tolva, Valerio, Casana, Renato, Gnecchi, Massimiliano, Vanoli, Emilio, Spazzolini, Carla, Roughan, John, Calvillo, Laura
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analgesics
Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use
Automation
Biology and Life Sciences
Carbazoles - therapeutic use
Cardiology
Disease Models, Animal
Dosage and administration
Drug therapy
Drug therapy, Combination
Drugs
Ethics
Health aspects
Heart attacks
Heart diseases
Injuries
Ischemia
Laboratory animals
Male
Medical ethics
Medicine and Health Sciences
Myocardial ischemia
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - surgery
Pain
Pain Management - ethics
Pain Measurement
Pain, Postoperative - drug therapy
Peritoneum
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Reperfusion
Reperfusion injury
Research and Analysis Methods
Rodents
Studies
Surgery
Thorax
Tramadol
Tramadol - therapeutic use
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Summary:During the past 30 years, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rodents became one of the most commonly used model in cardiovascular research. Appropriate pain-prevention appears critical since it may influence the outcome and the results obtained with this model. However, there are no proper guidelines for pain management in rats undergoing thoracic surgery. Accordingly, we evaluated three analgesic regimens in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study was strongly focused on 3R's ethic principles, in particular the principle of Reduction. Rats undergoing surgery were treated with pre-surgical tramadol (45 mg/kg intra-peritoneal), or carprofen (5 mg/kg sub-cutaneous), or with pre-surgical administration of carprofen followed by 2 post-surgery tramadol injections (multi-modal group). We assessed behavioral signs of pain and made a subjective evaluation of stress and suffering one and two hours after surgery. Multi-modal treatment significantly reduced the number of signs of pain compared to carprofen alone at both the first hour (61±42 vs 123±47; p
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0095913