Preventive effects of folic acid supplementation on adverse maternal and fetal outcomes

• Published in: PloS one 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e97273
• Main Authors: Kim, Min Woo, Ahn, Ki Hoon, Ryu, Ki-Jin, Hong, Soon-Cheol, Lee, Ji Sung, Nava-Ocampo, Alejandro A, Oh, Min-Jeong, Kim, Hai-Joong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Adult; Age; Analysis; Biology and Life Sciences; Birth weight; Blood; Confidence intervals; Data processing; Demographics; Diabetes; Dietary Supplements; DNA methylation; Female; Fetuses; Folic acid; Folic Acid - blood; Folic Acid - therapeutic use; Gestational age; Gestational diabetes; Gynecology; Health risk assessment; Homocysteine; Hospitals; Humans; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Logistic Models; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Neural tube defects; Obstetrics; Placenta; Population; Pre-eclampsia; Pre-Eclampsia - prevention & control; Preeclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant women; Premature birth; Prenatal experience; Research and Analysis Methods; Secondary analysis; Small for gestational age; Supplementation; Supplements; Vitamin B; Womens health
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097273

Although there is accumulating evidence regarding the additional protective effect of folic acid against adverse pregnancy outcomes other than neural tube defects, these effects have not been elucidated in detail. We evaluated whether folic acid supplementation is associated with favorable maternal and fetal outcomes. This was a secondary analysis of 215 pregnant women who were enrolled in our prior study. With additional data from telephone interviews regarding prenatal folic acid supplementation, existing demographic, maternal and fetal data were statistically analyzed. The concentration of folic acid in maternal blood was significantly higher following folic acid supplementation (24.6 ng/mL vs.11.8 ng/mL). In contrast, homocysteine level in maternal blood decreased with folic acid supplementation (5.5 µmol/mL vs. 6.8 µmol/mL). The rates of both preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.76) and small for gestational age (SGA; 9.2% vs. 20.0%; OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18-0.99) were lower in the folic acid supplementation group than those in the control group. Other pregnancy outcomes had no association with folic acid supplementation. The findings indicate that folic acid supplementation may help to prevent preeclampsia and SGA. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the favorable effects of folic acid supplementation on pregnancy outcomes.