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Contribution of intestinal barrier damage, microbial translocation and HIV-1 infection status to an inflammaging signature
Systemic inflammation is a characteristic of both HIV-1 infection and aging ("inflammaging"). Intestinal epithelial barrier damage (IEBD) and microbial translocation (MT) contribute to HIV-associated inflammation, but their impact on inflammaging remains unclear. Plasma biomarkers for IEBD...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e97171-e97171 |
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| creator | Steele, Amanda K Lee, Eric J Vestal, Brian Hecht, Daniel Dong, Zachary Rapaport, Eric Koeppe, John Campbell, Thomas B Wilson, Cara C |
| description | Systemic inflammation is a characteristic of both HIV-1 infection and aging ("inflammaging"). Intestinal epithelial barrier damage (IEBD) and microbial translocation (MT) contribute to HIV-associated inflammation, but their impact on inflammaging remains unclear.
Plasma biomarkers for IEBD (iFABP), MT (LPS, sCD14), T-cell activation (sCD27), and inflammation (hsCRP, IL-6) were measured in 88 HIV-1 uninfected (HIV(neg)) and 83 treated, HIV-1-infected (HIV(pos)) adults from 20-100 years old.
Age positively correlated with iFABP (r = 0.284, p = 0.008), sCD14 (r = 0.646, p = |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0097171 |
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Plasma biomarkers for IEBD (iFABP), MT (LPS, sCD14), T-cell activation (sCD27), and inflammation (hsCRP, IL-6) were measured in 88 HIV-1 uninfected (HIV(neg)) and 83 treated, HIV-1-infected (HIV(pos)) adults from 20-100 years old.
Age positively correlated with iFABP (r = 0.284, p = 0.008), sCD14 (r = 0.646, p = <0.0001) and LPS (r = 0.421, p = 0.0002) levels in HIV(neg) but not HIV(pos) subjects. Age also correlated with sCD27, hsCRP, and IL-6 levels regardless of HIV status. Middle-aged HIV(pos) subjects had elevated plasma biomarker levels similar to or greater than those of elderly HIV(neg) subjects with the exception of sCD14. Clustering analysis described an inflammaging phenotype (IP) based on iFABP, sCD14, sCD27, and hsCRP levels in HIV(neg) subjects over 60 years of age. The IP in HIV(neg) subjects was used to develop a classification model that was applied to HIV(pos) subjects to determine whether HIV(pos) subjects under 60 years of age were IP+. HIV(pos) IP+ subjects were similar in age to IP- subjects but had a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on Framingham risk score (p = 0.01).
We describe a novel IP that incorporates biomarkers of IEBD, MT, immune activation as well as inflammation. Application of this novel IP in HIV-infected subjects identified a group at higher risk of CVD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097171</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24819230</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Activation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Adults ; Age ; Aging ; AIDS ; Analysis ; Bacteria - metabolism ; Biology and life sciences ; Biomarkers ; Biomarkers - blood ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cell activation ; Cluster analysis ; Clustering ; Cytomegalovirus ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Geriatrics ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; HIV ; HIV Infections - blood ; HIV Infections - complications ; HIV-1 - physiology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Immune response ; Infections ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - complications ; Inflammation - immunology ; Inflammation - microbiology ; Inflammation - virology ; Interleukin 6 ; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa - pathology ; Intestine ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lymphocytes T ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microorganisms ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Older people ; Phenotype ; Risk ; T cells ; Translocation ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e97171-e97171</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Steele et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Steele et al 2014 Steele et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c47dfe69b63723483453bd18a4d0e6eb5f21cc93c18ad86346d21a0afc30fb513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c47dfe69b63723483453bd18a4d0e6eb5f21cc93c18ad86346d21a0afc30fb513</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1526238301/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1526238301?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24819230$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Bourgeois, Christine</contributor><creatorcontrib>Steele, Amanda K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Eric J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vestal, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hecht, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rapaport, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koeppe, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Thomas B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Cara C</creatorcontrib><title>Contribution of intestinal barrier damage, microbial translocation and HIV-1 infection status to an inflammaging signature</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Systemic inflammation is a characteristic of both HIV-1 infection and aging ("inflammaging"). Intestinal epithelial barrier damage (IEBD) and microbial translocation (MT) contribute to HIV-associated inflammation, but their impact on inflammaging remains unclear.
Plasma biomarkers for IEBD (iFABP), MT (LPS, sCD14), T-cell activation (sCD27), and inflammation (hsCRP, IL-6) were measured in 88 HIV-1 uninfected (HIV(neg)) and 83 treated, HIV-1-infected (HIV(pos)) adults from 20-100 years old.
Age positively correlated with iFABP (r = 0.284, p = 0.008), sCD14 (r = 0.646, p = <0.0001) and LPS (r = 0.421, p = 0.0002) levels in HIV(neg) but not HIV(pos) subjects. Age also correlated with sCD27, hsCRP, and IL-6 levels regardless of HIV status. Middle-aged HIV(pos) subjects had elevated plasma biomarker levels similar to or greater than those of elderly HIV(neg) subjects with the exception of sCD14. Clustering analysis described an inflammaging phenotype (IP) based on iFABP, sCD14, sCD27, and hsCRP levels in HIV(neg) subjects over 60 years of age. The IP in HIV(neg) subjects was used to develop a classification model that was applied to HIV(pos) subjects to determine whether HIV(pos) subjects under 60 years of age were IP+. HIV(pos) IP+ subjects were similar in age to IP- subjects but had a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on Framingham risk score (p = 0.01).
We describe a novel IP that incorporates biomarkers of IEBD, MT, immune activation as well as inflammation. Application of this novel IP in HIV-infected subjects identified a group at higher risk of CVD.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>Activation</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Bacteria - metabolism</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cell activation</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Cytomegalovirus</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - blood</subject><subject>HIV Infections - complications</subject><subject>HIV-1 - physiology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - complications</subject><subject>Inflammation - immunology</subject><subject>Inflammation - microbiology</subject><subject>Inflammation - virology</subject><subject>Interleukin 6</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - pathology</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Movement</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>T cells</subject><subject>Translocation</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1tr1EAUx4Motla_gWhAEAV3nVsmyYtQFrULhYKXvg4nc8lOyWbWmYmon97Jblo20gfJQ8I5v_9_MueSZc8xWmJa4vc3bvA9dMud6_USobrEJX6QneKakgUniD48-j7JnoRwg1BBK84fZyeEVbgmFJ1mf1auj942Q7Suz53JbR91iDY55w14b7XPFWyh1e_yrZXeNTZlooc-dE7CXgW9yi_W1wucxEbLfSxEiEPIo0vZMdzBNpnYvs2DbfuU8_pp9shAF_Sz6X2Wff_08dvqYnF59Xm9Or9cSF6TuJCsVEbzuuG0JJRVlBW0UbgCppDmuikMwVLWVKaQqjhlXBEMCIykyDQFpmfZy4PvrnNBTGULAheEE1pRNBLrA6Ec3Iidt1vwv4UDK_YB51sBPlrZaYErzcGURcmYZBQrAKKMaXDVSIIRgeT1YTptaLZaSZ3KC93MdJ7p7Ua07qdgCFeE18ngzWTg3Y8h9UJsbZC666DXbtj_N6MskSShr_5B77_dRLWQLpB64dK5cjQV5wxXRUEqOnot76HSo3Tqe5oxY1N8Jng7EyQm6l-xhSEEsf765f_Zq-s5-_qI3Wjo4ia4bj-gYQ6yA5imMgSvzV2RMRLjitxWQ4wrIqYVSbIXxw26E93uBP0LXYMNLQ</recordid><startdate>20140512</startdate><enddate>20140512</enddate><creator>Steele, Amanda K</creator><creator>Lee, Eric J</creator><creator>Vestal, Brian</creator><creator>Hecht, Daniel</creator><creator>Dong, Zachary</creator><creator>Rapaport, Eric</creator><creator>Koeppe, John</creator><creator>Campbell, Thomas B</creator><creator>Wilson, Cara C</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140512</creationdate><title>Contribution of intestinal barrier damage, microbial translocation and HIV-1 infection status to an inflammaging signature</title><author>Steele, Amanda K ; Lee, Eric J ; Vestal, Brian ; Hecht, Daniel ; Dong, Zachary ; Rapaport, Eric ; Koeppe, John ; Campbell, Thomas B ; Wilson, Cara C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c47dfe69b63723483453bd18a4d0e6eb5f21cc93c18ad86346d21a0afc30fb513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>Activation</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Bacteria - metabolism</topic><topic>Biology and life sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cell activation</topic><topic>Cluster analysis</topic><topic>Clustering</topic><topic>Cytomegalovirus</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - blood</topic><topic>HIV Infections - complications</topic><topic>HIV-1 - physiology</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - complications</topic><topic>Inflammation - immunology</topic><topic>Inflammation - microbiology</topic><topic>Inflammation - virology</topic><topic>Interleukin 6</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - pathology</topic><topic>Intestine</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharides</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Movement</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>T cells</topic><topic>Translocation</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Steele, Amanda K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Eric J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vestal, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hecht, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rapaport, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koeppe, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Thomas B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Cara C</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Steele, Amanda K</au><au>Lee, Eric J</au><au>Vestal, Brian</au><au>Hecht, Daniel</au><au>Dong, Zachary</au><au>Rapaport, Eric</au><au>Koeppe, John</au><au>Campbell, Thomas B</au><au>Wilson, Cara C</au><au>Bourgeois, Christine</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Contribution of intestinal barrier damage, microbial translocation and HIV-1 infection status to an inflammaging signature</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-05-12</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e97171</spage><epage>e97171</epage><pages>e97171-e97171</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Systemic inflammation is a characteristic of both HIV-1 infection and aging ("inflammaging"). Intestinal epithelial barrier damage (IEBD) and microbial translocation (MT) contribute to HIV-associated inflammation, but their impact on inflammaging remains unclear.
Plasma biomarkers for IEBD (iFABP), MT (LPS, sCD14), T-cell activation (sCD27), and inflammation (hsCRP, IL-6) were measured in 88 HIV-1 uninfected (HIV(neg)) and 83 treated, HIV-1-infected (HIV(pos)) adults from 20-100 years old.
Age positively correlated with iFABP (r = 0.284, p = 0.008), sCD14 (r = 0.646, p = <0.0001) and LPS (r = 0.421, p = 0.0002) levels in HIV(neg) but not HIV(pos) subjects. Age also correlated with sCD27, hsCRP, and IL-6 levels regardless of HIV status. Middle-aged HIV(pos) subjects had elevated plasma biomarker levels similar to or greater than those of elderly HIV(neg) subjects with the exception of sCD14. Clustering analysis described an inflammaging phenotype (IP) based on iFABP, sCD14, sCD27, and hsCRP levels in HIV(neg) subjects over 60 years of age. The IP in HIV(neg) subjects was used to develop a classification model that was applied to HIV(pos) subjects to determine whether HIV(pos) subjects under 60 years of age were IP+. HIV(pos) IP+ subjects were similar in age to IP- subjects but had a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on Framingham risk score (p = 0.01).
We describe a novel IP that incorporates biomarkers of IEBD, MT, immune activation as well as inflammation. Application of this novel IP in HIV-infected subjects identified a group at higher risk of CVD.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24819230</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0097171</doi><tpages>e97171</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2014-05, Vol.9 (5), p.e97171-e97171 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1526238301 |
| source | Access via ProQuest (Open Access); PubMed Central |
| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Activation Adolescent Adult Adults Age Aging AIDS Analysis Bacteria - metabolism Biology and life sciences Biomarkers Biomarkers - blood Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cell activation Cluster analysis Clustering Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression Regulation Geriatrics Health aspects Health risks HIV HIV Infections - blood HIV Infections - complications HIV-1 - physiology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune response Infections Inflammation Inflammation - complications Inflammation - immunology Inflammation - microbiology Inflammation - virology Interleukin 6 Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology Intestinal Mucosa - pathology Intestine Lipopolysaccharides Lymphocytes T Male Medicine and Health Sciences Microorganisms Middle Aged Movement Older people Phenotype Risk T cells Translocation Young Adult |
| title | Contribution of intestinal barrier damage, microbial translocation and HIV-1 infection status to an inflammaging signature |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-20T09%3A52%3A45IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Contribution%20of%20intestinal%20barrier%20damage,%20microbial%20translocation%20and%20HIV-1%20infection%20status%20to%20an%20inflammaging%20signature&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Steele,%20Amanda%20K&rft.date=2014-05-12&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e97171&rft.epage=e97171&rft.pages=e97171-e97171&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0097171&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA418552832%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c47dfe69b63723483453bd18a4d0e6eb5f21cc93c18ad86346d21a0afc30fb513%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1526238301&rft_id=info:pmid/24819230&rft_galeid=A418552832&rfr_iscdi=true |