Simple signaling molecules for inductive bone regenerative engineering

With greater than 500,000 orthopaedic procedures performed in the United States each year requiring a bone graft, the development of novel graft materials is necessary. We report that some porous polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds possess intrinsic osteoinductivity as shown through their capacity t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-07, Vol.9 (7), p.e101627-e101627
Main Authors: Cushnie, Emily K, Ulery, Bret D, Nelson, Stephen J, Deng, Meng, Sethuraman, Swaminathan, Doty, Stephen B, Lo, Kevin W H, Khan, Yusuf M, Laurencin, Cato T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biocompatibility
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomedical materials
Bone grafts
Bone Regeneration
Bone Substitutes
Bones
Calcium
Calcium phosphates
Calcium Phosphates - pharmacology
Cell Differentiation
Ceramics
Composite materials
Differentiation (biology)
Engineering
Engineering and Technology
Fractures
Gases
Grafting
Growth factors
Hydroxyapatite
Ions - pharmacology
Literature reviews
Male
Materials science
Mesenchymal stem cells
Mineralization
Osteogenesis
Osteogenesis - drug effects
Osteoid
Phosphates
Physical Sciences
Polymers
Polyvinyl alcohol
Proteins
Rabbits
Reagents
Signaling
Stem cells
Stem Cells - drug effects
Substitute bone
Surgery
Tissue engineering
Tissue Engineering - methods
Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
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Summary:With greater than 500,000 orthopaedic procedures performed in the United States each year requiring a bone graft, the development of novel graft materials is necessary. We report that some porous polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds possess intrinsic osteoinductivity as shown through their capacity to induce in vivo host osteoid mineralization and in vitro stem cell osteogenesis making them attractive synthetic bone graft substitutes. It was discovered that certain low crystallinity ceramics partially dissociate into simple signaling molecules (i.e., calcium and phosphate ions) that induce stem cells to endogenously produce their own osteoinductive proteins. Review of the literature has uncovered a variety of simple signaling molecules (i.e., gases, ions, and redox reagents) capable of inducing other desirable stem cell differentiation through endogenous growth factor production. Inductive simple signaling molecules, which we have termed inducerons, represent a paradigm shift in the field of regenerative engineering where they can be utilized in place of recombinant protein growth factors.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0101627