The effects of chronic cigarette smoking on gray matter volume: influence of sex

Cigarette smoke contains nicotine and toxic chemicals and may cause significant neurochemical and anatomical brain changes. Voxel-based morphometry studies have examined the effects of smoking on the brain by comparing gray matter volume (GMV) in nicotine dependent individuals (NDs) to nonsmoking in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-08, Vol.9 (8), p.e104102
Main Authors: Franklin, Teresa R, Wetherill, Reagan R, Jagannathan, Kanchana, Johnson, Barbara, Mumma, Joel, Hager, Nathan, Rao, Hengyi, Childress, Anna Rose
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictions
Adult
Alcohol
Biology and Life Sciences
Brain
Brain research
Cerebellum
Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging
Cerebellum - drug effects
Cerebellum - physiopathology
Cigarette smoke
Cigarette smoking
Cigarettes
Correlation analysis
Drug dependence
Female
Gender aspects
Gender differences
Gray Matter - physiopathology
Humans
Male
Males
Medicine
Memory
Middle Aged
Morphometry
Neurophysiology
Neurosciences
Neuroses
Nicotine
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Parahippocampal gyrus
Parahippocampus
Psychiatry
Putamen
Radiography
Segmentation
Sex
Sex Characteristics
Sex differences
Smoke
Smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
Studies
Substantia grisea
Thalamus
Tobacco Use Disorder - diagnostic imaging
Tobacco Use Disorder - physiopathology
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Summary:Cigarette smoke contains nicotine and toxic chemicals and may cause significant neurochemical and anatomical brain changes. Voxel-based morphometry studies have examined the effects of smoking on the brain by comparing gray matter volume (GMV) in nicotine dependent individuals (NDs) to nonsmoking individuals with inconsistent results. Although sex differences in neural and behavioral features of nicotine dependence are reported, sex differences in regional GMV remain unknown. The current study examined sex differences in GMV in a large sample of 80 NDs (41 males) and 80 healthy controls (41 males) using voxel-based morphometry. Within NDs, we explored whether GMV was correlated with measures of cigarette use and nicotine dependence. High-resolution T1 structural scans were obtained from all participants. Segmentation and registration were performed in SPM8 using the optimized DARTEL approach. Covariates included age and an estimate of total global GMV. Differences were considered significant at p≤0.001, with a whole brain FWE-corrected cluster probability of p
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0104102