Expanding the knowledge of the geographic distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcV/TcVI genotypes in the Brazilian Amazon

Trypanosoma cruzi infection is a complex sylvatic enzooty involving a wide range of animal species. Six discrete typing units (DTUs) of T. cruzi, named TcI to TcVI, are currently recognized. One unanswered question concerning the epidemiology of T. cruzi is the distribution pattern of TcII and hybri...

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Published in:PloS one 2014-12, Vol.9 (12), p.e116137-e116137
Main Authors: Lima, Valdirene Dos Santos, Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas, Maldonado, Irene Fabíola Roman, Roque, André Luiz Rodrigues, Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo, Jansen, Ana Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animal species
Animals
Base Sequence
Biological properties
Biological samples
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomes
Brazil - epidemiology
Chagas disease
Chagas Disease - epidemiology
Chagas Disease - parasitology
Distribution patterns
DNA, Protozoan - genetics
Dog Diseases - parasitology
Dogs - parasitology
Ecosystems
Epidemiology
Gene sequencing
Genetic aspects
Genetic Variation
Genotype
Genotypes
Genotyping
Geographical distribution
Geography
Infection
Infections
Medicine and Health Sciences
Parasites
Phosphoproteins - genetics
Protozoa
Protozoan Proteins - genetics
Rhodnius - parasitology
Rhodnius prolixus
River basins
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma cruzi - classification
Trypanosoma cruzi - genetics
Trypanosoma cruzi - isolation & purification
Trypomastigotes
Vector-borne diseases
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d14fcc501e81e58d4c5ff3a8ec5034185c456b5f3dd9fa47087b21933e96d9c13
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creator Lima, Valdirene Dos Santos
Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas
Maldonado, Irene Fabíola Roman
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Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo
Jansen, Ana Maria
description Trypanosoma cruzi infection is a complex sylvatic enzooty involving a wide range of animal species. Six discrete typing units (DTUs) of T. cruzi, named TcI to TcVI, are currently recognized. One unanswered question concerning the epidemiology of T. cruzi is the distribution pattern of TcII and hybrid DTUs in nature, including their virtual absence in the Brazilian Amazon, the current endemic area of Chagas disease in Brazil. Herein, we characterized biological samples that were collected in previous epizootiological studies carried out in the Amazon Basin in Brazil. We performed T. cruzi genotyping using four polymorphic genes to identify T. cruzi DTUs: mini-exon, 1f8, histone 3 and gp72. This analysis was conducted in the following biological samples: (i) two T. cruzi isolates obtained by culturing of stools from the triatomine species Rhodnius picttipes and (ii) five serum samples from dogs in which trypomastigotes were observed during fresh blood examination. We report for the first time the presence of TcII and hybrid DTUs (TcV/TcVI) in the Amazon region in mixed infections with TcI. Furthermore, sequencing of the constitutive gene, gp72, demonstrated diversity in TcII even within the same forest fragment. These data show that TcII is distributed in the five main Brazilian biomes and is likely more prevalent than currently described. It is very probable that there is no biological or ecological barrier to the transmission and establishment of any DTU in any biome in Brazil.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0116137
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Six discrete typing units (DTUs) of T. cruzi, named TcI to TcVI, are currently recognized. One unanswered question concerning the epidemiology of T. cruzi is the distribution pattern of TcII and hybrid DTUs in nature, including their virtual absence in the Brazilian Amazon, the current endemic area of Chagas disease in Brazil. Herein, we characterized biological samples that were collected in previous epizootiological studies carried out in the Amazon Basin in Brazil. We performed T. cruzi genotyping using four polymorphic genes to identify T. cruzi DTUs: mini-exon, 1f8, histone 3 and gp72. This analysis was conducted in the following biological samples: (i) two T. cruzi isolates obtained by culturing of stools from the triatomine species Rhodnius picttipes and (ii) five serum samples from dogs in which trypomastigotes were observed during fresh blood examination. We report for the first time the presence of TcII and hybrid DTUs (TcV/TcVI) in the Amazon region in mixed infections with TcI. Furthermore, sequencing of the constitutive gene, gp72, demonstrated diversity in TcII even within the same forest fragment. These data show that TcII is distributed in the five main Brazilian biomes and is likely more prevalent than currently described. It is very probable that there is no biological or ecological barrier to the transmission and establishment of any DTU in any biome in Brazil.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>25551227</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0116137</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Analysis
Animal species
Animals
Base Sequence
Biological properties
Biological samples
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomes
Brazil - epidemiology
Chagas disease
Chagas Disease - epidemiology
Chagas Disease - parasitology
Distribution patterns
DNA, Protozoan - genetics
Dog Diseases - parasitology
Dogs - parasitology
Ecosystems
Epidemiology
Gene sequencing
Genetic aspects
Genetic Variation
Genotype
Genotypes
Genotyping
Geographical distribution
Geography
Infection
Infections
Medicine and Health Sciences
Parasites
Phosphoproteins - genetics
Protozoa
Protozoan Proteins - genetics
Rhodnius - parasitology
Rhodnius prolixus
River basins
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma cruzi - classification
Trypanosoma cruzi - genetics
Trypanosoma cruzi - isolation & purification
Trypomastigotes
Vector-borne diseases
title Expanding the knowledge of the geographic distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi TcII and TcV/TcVI genotypes in the Brazilian Amazon
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