24h Urinary Protein Levels and Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratios Could Probably Forecast the Pathological Classification of HSPN

• Published in: PloS one 2015-05, Vol.10 (5), p.e0127767-e0127767
• Main Authors: Ye, Qing, Shang, Shi-Qiang, Liu, Ai-Min, Zhang, Ting, Shen, Hong-Qiang, Chen, Xue-Jun, Mao, Jian-Hua
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Allergic purpura; Antibodies - blood; Antibodies - immunology; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Blood; C-Reactive Protein; Care and treatment; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Classification; Coagulation; Complement System Proteins - immunology; Creatinine; Creatinine - urine; Cytokines; Cytokines - blood; Diagnosis; Disease; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Fibrin; Flow cytometry; Gene expression; Health aspects; Hemoglobinuria - etiology; Hospitals; Humans; Humoral immunity; Hypersensitivity; Immunity; Immunity (humoral); Immunoglobulins; Immunology; Kidney biopsy; Kidney transplantation; Laboratories; Laboratory tests; Lymphocytes T; Male; Measurement; Medicine; Nephritis; Nephritis - diagnosis; Nephritis - etiology; Nephrology; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Patients; Pediatrics; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Proteins; Proteinuria - etiology; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - blood; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - complications; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - immunology; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - urine; Quality; Risk factors; ROC Curve; Schonlein-Henoch purpura; Sensitivity; Severity of Illness Index; Silicon nitride; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Ultrasound; Urine; Variables
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127767

This study aimed to assess the relevance of laboratory tests in Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) classification, and determine accurate classification factors. This prospective study included 694 HSPN patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB). Renal specimens were scored according to International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) classification. Meanwhile, blood samples were immediately collected for laboratory examination. The associations between laboratory parameters and HSPN classification were assessed. Significant differences in levels of serum Th1/Th2 cytokines, immunoglobulins, T-lymphocyte subsets, complement, and coagulation markers were obtained between HSPN patients and healthy children. Interestingly, 24h urinary protein (24h-UPRO) levels and urine protein/urine creatinine ratios could determine HPSN grade IIb, IIIa, and IIIb incidences, with areas under ROC curve of 0.767 and 0.731, respectively. At 24h-UPRO >580.35mg/L, prediction sensitivity and specificity were 75.2% and 70.0%, respectively. These values became 53.0% and 82.3%, respectively, with 24h-UPRO exceeding 1006.25mg/L. At urine protein/urine creatinine > 0.97, prediction sensitivity and specificity were 65.5% and 67.2%, respectively, values that became 57.4% and 80.0%, respectively, at ratios exceeding 1.2. Cell and humoral immunity, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are all involved in the pathogenesis of HSPN, and type I hypersensitivity may be the disease trigger of HSPN. 24h-UPRO levels and urine protein/creatinine ratios could probably forecast the pathological classification of HSPN.