Plant surface cues prime Ustilago maydis for biotrophic development

Infection-related development of phytopathogenic fungi is initiated by sensing and responding to plant surface cues. This response can result in the formation of specialized infection structures, so-called appressoria. To unravel the program inducing filaments and appressoria in the biotrophic smut...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS pathogens 2014-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e1004272-e1004272
Main Authors: Lanver, Daniel, Berndt, Patrick, Tollot, Marie, Naik, Vikram, Vranes, Miroslav, Warmann, Tobias, Münch, Karin, Rössel, Nicole, Kahmann, Regine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Biology and Life Sciences
Enzymes
Fatty acids
Fungal Proteins - biosynthesis
Fungal Proteins - genetics
Fungi
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal - physiology
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomes
Health aspects
Hydrophobic surfaces
Infections
Kinases
Medicine and Health Sciences
Membrane Lipids - genetics
Membrane Lipids - metabolism
Metabolism
Pheromones
Physiological aspects
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Potassium
Proteins
Research and Analysis Methods
Smut fungi
Surface Properties
Transcription factors
Transcriptome - physiology
Ustilago - genetics
Ustilago - metabolism
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Summary:Infection-related development of phytopathogenic fungi is initiated by sensing and responding to plant surface cues. This response can result in the formation of specialized infection structures, so-called appressoria. To unravel the program inducing filaments and appressoria in the biotrophic smut fungus Ustilago maydis, we exposed cells to a hydrophobic surface and the cutin monomer 16-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling at the pre-penetration stage documented dramatic transcriptional changes in almost 20% of the genes. Comparisons with the U. maydis sho1 msb2 double mutant, lacking two putative sensors for plant surface cues, revealed that these plasma membrane receptors regulate a small subset of the surface cue-induced genes comprising mainly secreted proteins including potential plant cell wall degrading enzymes. Targeted gene deletion analysis ascribed a role to up-regulated GH51 and GH62 arabinofuranosidases during plant penetration. Among the sho1/msb2-dependently expressed genes were several secreted effectors that are essential for virulence. Our data also demonstrate specific effects on two transcription factors that redirect the transcriptional regulatory network towards appressorium formation and plant penetration. This shows that plant surface cues prime U. maydis for biotrophic development.
ISSN:1553-7374
1553-7366
1553-7374
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004272