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On the front line: quantitative virus dynamics in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies along a new expansion front of the parasite Varroa destructor

Over the past fifty years, annual honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony losses have been steadily increasing worldwide. These losses have occurred in parallel with the global spread of the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor. Indeed, Varroa mite infestations are considered to be a key explanatory factor...

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Published in:PLoS pathogens 2014-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e1004323-e1004323
Main Authors: Mondet, Fanny, de Miranda, Joachim R, Kretzschmar, Andre, Le Conte, Yves, Mercer, Alison R
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description Over the past fifty years, annual honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony losses have been steadily increasing worldwide. These losses have occurred in parallel with the global spread of the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor. Indeed, Varroa mite infestations are considered to be a key explanatory factor for the widespread increase in annual honeybee colony mortality. The host-parasite relationship between honeybees and Varroa is complicated by the mite's close association with a range of honeybee viral pathogens. The 10-year history of the expanding front of Varroa infestation in New Zealand offered a rare opportunity to assess the dynamic quantitative and qualitative changes in honeybee viral landscapes in response to the arrival, spread and level of Varroa infestation. We studied the impact of de novo infestation of bee colonies by Varroa on the prevalence and titres of seven well-characterised honeybee viruses in both bees and mites, using a large-scale molecular ecology approach. We also examined the effect of the number of years since Varroa arrival on honeybee and mite viral titres. The dynamic shifts in the viral titres of black queen cell virus and Kashmir bee virus mirrored the patterns of change in Varroa infestation rates along the Varroa expansion front. The deformed wing virus (DWV) titres in bees continued to increase with Varroa infestation history, despite dropping infestation rates, which could be linked to increasing DWV titres in the mites. This suggests that the DWV titres in mites, perhaps boosted by virus replication, may be a major factor in maintaining the DWV epidemic after initial establishment. Both positive and negative associations were identified for several pairs of viruses, in response to the arrival of Varroa. These findings provide important new insights into the role of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in influencing the viral landscape that affects honeybee colonies.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004323
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subjects Animal behavior
Animals
Annan biologi
Beekeeping
Bees
Bees - parasitology
Bees - virology
Biology and Life Sciences
Complications and side effects
Computer Science
Development and progression
Ecology
Ekologi
Expansion
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Honeybee
Host-Parasite Interactions
Infections
Mathematics
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mite Infestations - epidemiology
Mite Infestations - parasitology
Mite Infestations - veterinary
Mortality
New Zealand
Other Biological Topics
Parasites
Prevalence
Principal components analysis
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Risk factors
Varroidae - parasitology
Viral infections
Virus diseases
Virus Diseases - epidemiology
Virus Diseases - parasitology
Virus Diseases - veterinary
Viruses
title On the front line: quantitative virus dynamics in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies along a new expansion front of the parasite Varroa destructor
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