Trends in Transmission of Drug Resistance and Prevalence of Non-B Subtypes in Patients with Acute or Recent HIV-1 Infection in Barcelona in the Last 16 Years (1997-2012)

• Published in: PloS one 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0125837-e0125837
• Main Authors: Ambrosioni, Juan, Sued, Omar, Nicolas, David, Parera, Marta, López-Diéguez, María, Romero, Anabel, Agüero, Fernando, Marcos, María Ángeles, Manzardo, Christian, Zamora, Laura, Gómez-Carrillo, Manuel, Gatell, José María, Pumarola, Tomás, Miró, José María
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Acute Disease; Adult; AIDS; Antiretroviral drugs; Assaigs clínics; Barcelona (Catalonia); Barcelona (Catalunya); Clinical trials; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics; Female; Genotyping; GLP-1 receptor agonists; HIV; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV Infections - genetics; HIV Infections - transmission; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV-1 - pathogenicity; HIV-positive persons; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immigrants; Infections; Laboratories; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Nucleosides; Patients; Persones seropositives; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Protease inhibitors; Proteinase inhibitors; Recombinants; Resistència als medicaments; Retrospective Studies; Sexually transmitted diseases; Spain - epidemiology; STD
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125837

To evaluate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and non-B subtypes in patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection in Barcelona during the period 1997-2012. Patients from the "Hospital Clínic Primary HIV-1 Infection Cohort" with a genotyping test performed within 180 days of infection were included. The 2009 WHO List of Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance was used for estimating the prevalence of TDR and phylogenetic analysis for subtype determination. 189 patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection were analyzed in 4 time periods (1997-2000, n=28; 2001-4, n=42; 2005-8, n=55 and 2009-12, n=64). The proportion of patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection with respect to the total of newly HIV-diagnosed patients in our center increased over the time and was 2.18%, 3.82%, 4.15% and 4.55% for the 4 periods, respectively (p=0.005). The global prevalence of TDR was 9%, or 17.9%, 9.5%, 3.6% and 9.4% by study period (p=0.2). The increase in the last period was driven by protease-inhibitor and nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor resistance mutations while non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor TDR and TDR of more than one family decreased. The overall prevalence of non-B subtypes was 11.1%, or 0%, 4.8%, 9.1% and 20.3 by study period (p=0.01). B/F recombinants, B/G recombinants and subtype F emerged in the last period. We also noticed an increase in the number of immigrant patients (p=0.052). The proportion of men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) among patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection increased over the time (p=0.04). The overall prevalence of TDR in patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection in Barcelona was 9%, and it has stayed relatively stable in recent years. Non-B subtypes and immigrants proportions progressively increased.