Interacting Factors Associated with Adult Male Drowning in New Zealand

i) to identify factors that contribute to the global trend of the higher incidence of male drowning relative to females, and; ii) to explore relationships between such factors from mortality data in New Zealand. Drownings from 1983 to 2012 were examined for: Age, Ethnicity, Site, Activity, Buoyancy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0130545-e0130545
Main Authors: Croft, James L, Button, Chris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accidents
Adolescent
Adult
Adults
Age
Aged
Alcohol
Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects
Alcohol use
Alcoholic beverages
Boating
Decision making
Diving
Drowning
Drowning - epidemiology
Drowning - etiology
Exercise
Fatalities
Female
Females
Health aspects
Humans
Incidence
Leisure
Male
Males
Men
Middle Aged
Minority & ethnic groups
New Zealand - epidemiology
Perceptions
Public health
Recreation
Risk Factors
Smoking - adverse effects
Snorkeling
Socioeconomic factors
Submerging
Swimming accidents & safety
Underwater
Young Adult
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Summary:i) to identify factors that contribute to the global trend of the higher incidence of male drowning relative to females, and; ii) to explore relationships between such factors from mortality data in New Zealand. Drownings from 1983 to 2012 were examined for: Age, Ethnicity, Site, Activity, Buoyancy and Alcohol. Conditional frequency tables presented as mosaic plots were used to assess the interactions of these factors. Alcohol was involved in a high proportion of Accidental Immersion drownings (61%) and was highest for males aged 20-24 years. When alcohol was involved there were proportionally more incidences where a life jacket was Available But Not Worn and less incidences where a life jacket was Worn. Many 30-39 year old males drowned during underwater activities (e.g., snorkeling, diving). Older men (aged +55 years old) had a high incidence of drowning while boating. Different ethnicities were over-represented in different age groups (Asian men aged 25-29, and European men aged 65-74) and when involved in different activities. Numerous interacting factors are responsible for male drownings. In New Zealand, drowning locations and activities differ by age and ethnicity which require targeted intervention strategies.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0130545