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Water Use Patterns of Sympatric Przewalski's Horse and Khulan: Interspecific Comparison Reveals Niche Differences

Acquiring water is essential for all animals, but doing so is most challenging for desert-living animals. Recently Przewalski's horse has been reintroduced to the desert area in China where the last wild surviving member of the species was seen before it vanished from China in the 1960s. Its re...

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Published in:PloS one 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0132094
Main Authors: Zhang, Yongjun, Cao, Qing S, Rubenstein, Daniel I, Zang, Sen, Songer, Melissa, Leimgruber, Peter, Chu, Hongjun, Cao, Jie, Li, Kai, Hu, Defu
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-9c0cdde26efb307b44bbfc59c8574933ca1e74ba388252c0589f1577a3f019e93
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-9c0cdde26efb307b44bbfc59c8574933ca1e74ba388252c0589f1577a3f019e93
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container_issue 7
container_start_page e0132094
container_title PloS one
container_volume 10
creator Zhang, Yongjun
Cao, Qing S
Rubenstein, Daniel I
Zang, Sen
Songer, Melissa
Leimgruber, Peter
Chu, Hongjun
Cao, Jie
Li, Kai
Hu, Defu
description Acquiring water is essential for all animals, but doing so is most challenging for desert-living animals. Recently Przewalski's horse has been reintroduced to the desert area in China where the last wild surviving member of the species was seen before it vanished from China in the 1960s. Its reintroduction placed it within the range of a close evolutionary relative, the con-generic Khulan. Determining whether or not these two species experience competition and whether or not such competition was responsible for the extinction of Przewalski's horses in the wild over 50 years ago, requires identifying the fundamental and realized niches of both species. We remotely monitored the presence of both species at a variety of water points during the dry season in Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Przewalski's horses drank twice per day mostly during daylight hours at low salinity water sources while Khulans drank mostly at night usually at high salinity water points or those far from human residences. Spatial and temporal differences in water use enables coexistence, but suggest that Przewalski's horses also restrict the actions of Khulan. Such differences in both the fundamental and realized niches were associated with differences in physiological tolerances for saline water and human activity as well as differences in aggression and dominance.
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subjects Analysis
Animals
Bans
Behavior
Behavior, Animal
Biodiversity
Biological evolution
China
Circadian Rhythm
Coexistence
Competition
Conservation biology
Daylight
Desert animals
Desert environments
Deserts
Dry season
Ecology
Ecosystem
Endangered & extinct species
Environmental protection
Equus ferus przewalskii
Equus hemionus
Evolutionary biology
Forestry
Geography
Horses
Interspecific
Niches
Physiology
Reintroduction
Remote monitoring
Saline water
Salinity
Salinity effects
Salt water
Species extinction
Species Specificity
Sympatric populations
Sympatry
Tolerances
Water
Water sources
Water use
Wildlife conservation
Zoology
title Water Use Patterns of Sympatric Przewalski's Horse and Khulan: Interspecific Comparison Reveals Niche Differences
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